A Look At The

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A Look At The
Field Hockey Push Pass
A Presentation By Courtney, Lauren, and Rachel
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Table of Contents...
? Brief history of the game ? Phase of
activity/Objective ? Phase 1 Plant Phase ? Phase
2 Push Phase ? Phase 3 Follow-through Phase ?
Improper Form/Injuries ? Training Tips
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Historically Speaking....
Field hockey began as a mens sport in 1861 in
the British Isles It was during its trial year
in Teddington (a London club team) that modern
rules were introduced In 1887 a womens team
was formed in Surrey England and at this time
field hockey was considered the only sport
suitable for women to play Field hockey opened
the door for womens sports however serious
international competition did not begin until the
1970s. The first Women's World Cup was held in
1974, and women's hockey only became an Olympic
event in 1980. Today field hockey is an
internationally recognized sport and the second
largest sport, behind soccer Both women and
mens teams exist today at the collegiate and
national level in both the U.S. and other
countries
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Phase of Activity
Overall Objective Advancing the ball to another
player or to the goal Discrete Stages Plant,
push, follow-through
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Phase 1 Plant Stage Obj To maintain a stable
base of support in preparation to pass the ball
another player

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Critical Feature/Joint Motions of the Plant Stage
Left elbow flexed
Both Shoulders Protracted
Left shoulder int. rotated
Spine Flexed Right Lateral Tilt of Hip
Right elbow extended
Left arm is pronated
Right arm supinated
Both knees flexed
Right Leg in hyperextension
Wrists extended
Dorsi Flexion
Stick held horizontally
Plantar Flexion
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Muscles Used for Plant Stage
Upper Extremity ? Forearm Supination- posterior
supinator of elbow ? Forearm Pronation- anterior
pronator, bracchialis ? Shoulder Protraction-
pectoralis minor, serratus anterior ? Elbow
Extexion- biceps bracchi ? Elbow Flexion- biceps
bracchi, bracchialis ? Shoulder internal
rotation- subscapularis Spine ? Flexion- rectus
abdominus Hip ? Lateral Tilt- internal/external
obliques Lower Extremity ? Knee flexion-
hamstrings ? Leg hyperextension- gluteus maximus
and hamstrings ? Plantar flexion- soleus,
gastrocnemius, tibialis posterios ? Dorsiflexion-
tibialis anterior
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Phase 2 The Push Stage
Obj To push the ball in a controlled manner to
completed a pass to another player
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Critical Features/Joint Motions for Push Phase
Left shoulder girdle is in protraction

• Hip is Internally Rotated
• Hip is in a right lateral tilt
• Backwards rotation

Left elbow flexed

• Right Shoulder Joint is Internally Rotated
• Right Shoulder girdle is protracted

Left forearm is in mid supination
Wrists extended
-Right elbow performs radial-ulnar
deviation -Right elbow is extended
Knee flexion of both knees

• Right forearm is mid supinated
• Right arm horizontally Adducts

• Trunk is flexed
• Left Lateral Rotation of the trunk

Leg is hyperext-ended
Plantar flexion
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Muscles Used in the Push Stage
Upper Extremity ? Shoulder joint rotation-
pectoralis major, subscapularis ? Shoulder girdle
protraction- pectoralis minor, serratus
anterior ? Radial ulnar deviation- pronator
teres ? Forearm mid supination-
bracchioradialus ? Horizontal Adduction-
pectoralis major, biceps bracchi, anterior head
of the deltoid ? Elbow Flexion- biceps bracchi,
bracchioradialus Wrist ? Wrist flexion- extensor
carpi radialis, extensor carpi longus, extensor
carpi brevis, and ulnaris Trunk ?Flexion- rectus
abdominus and Ioliocostalis thoracis for
stability of the spine during flexion Hip ?Interna
l rotation- gluteus minimus and maximus ?Lateral
tilt- internal/external obliques Lower
Extremity ?Flexion of the knee- the
hamstrings ?Right leg hyperextension- hamstrings,
gluteus maximus ?Plantar flexion- soleus,
gastrocnemius, and tibialis posterior
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Phase 3 The Follow Through Phase
Obj To continue momentum throughout the push
pass for further accuracy
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Critical features/joint motions of the
Follow-through stage
Both shoulders protracted
Forearm is in supination
Wrist extension
Downward Rotation
Diagonal Adduction
Elbow extension
-Leg is hyperextended -Knee is flexed
Trunk is flexed Hip is in even further rotation
Knee extension
Forearm mid supination
Plantar Flexion
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Muscles used for the Follow Through Stage
Upper Extremity ? Shoulder girdle protraction-
pec minor, serratus anterior ? Diagonal
adduction- pectoralis major ? Downward rotation-
levator scapulae and rhomboids ? Forearm
supination- supinator of the forearm on the
posterior aspect ? Forearm pronator- pronator of
the forearm on the anterior aspect,
bracchialis Trunk ? flexion- rectus abdominus and
the iliocostalis thoracis for stabalization Hip ?
Internal Rotation- gluteus minimus and
maximus Lower extremity ? Knee flexion-
hamstring ? Hyperextension of the leg- gluteus
maximus and hamstring ? Plantar flexion of the
foot- soleus, gastrocnemius, tibialis posterior
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Improper Form/Injuries
Excessive gripping of the stick-
Epicondylitis Forceful internal rotation of the
shoulder during realease of the ball- Strains the
Teres Major and Subscapularis Forceful trunk
rotation- Strains the abdominal muscles and
spine Excessive flexion of the spine for long
periods of time- Back pain and weakening of the
erector spinae Excessive flexion of the weight
bearing knee/planting with too much torsional
force- Can cause Anterior Cruciate tear and other
collateral ligament tears Forcefully internally
rotating the hip- Can cause strain of the hip
interal rotators gluteus maximus and
minimus Foreful footplan in the planting stage-
Puts the knee into a valgus position which makes
it succeptible to MCL tears and other collateral
ligament tears
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Training Tips to Complete A Safe Field Hockey
Push Pass
Work with a medicine ball to train the core.
Core stability is essential for proper trunk
rotation Train the Pectoralis Major for diagonal
adduction of the humerus Train muscles of the
knee for stability to avoid injuries- especially
Quads and hamstrings and the collateral
muscles Train Internal and External rotators of
the shoulder. Also the pectoralis minor and
serratus anterior for protraction of the
girdle. Stretch the hip and strengthen the hip
flexors for a safe and full ROM
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Question and Answer Time! We hope you enjoyed
our presentation!!