OVERVIEW ON LOCATIONS CONTAINING A BATH OR SHOWER

1
OVERVIEW ON LOCATIONS CONTAININGA BATH OR SHOWER
2
601

• The risks
• Scope
• The zones
• Supplementary bonding
• Wiring systems
• Switchgear and controlgear
• Fixed current-using equipment
• Other equipment, example, washing machines

2
THE RISKS Persons in bathrooms are
particularly at risk because of a reduction of
body impedance due to
2
601

• a) lack of clothing, particularly footwearb)
  presence of water reducing contact resistancec)
  immersion in water, reducing total body
  resistanced) ready availability of earthed
  metale) increased contact area

3
SCOPE
2
601

• Applies to locations containing baths or showers.
• Does not apply to emergency facilities in
  industrial areas and laboratories.
• Special requirements for medical treatment, or
  for disabled persons.
• Bedrooms with a shower cubicle -
• requirements for bathrooms are to be met except
  that socket-outlets are allowed in bedrooms
  provided they are outside of zones 0, 1, 2 or 3
  and protected by an RCD, also, Supplementary
  bonding, is only required in zones 1 and 2.

4
2
601
5
THE ZONES
2
601

• Zones 0, 1, 2 and 3 provide a method of
  specifying
• requirements for protection against the ingress
  of water and
• protection against electric shock, supplementary
  bonding, etc
• The zones are determined taking account of walls,
  doors, fixed
• partitions, ceilings and floors.

6
2
601
7
WIRING SYSTEMS
2
601

• Metal conduit and metal trunking wiring systems
  are allowed in the
• zones of bathrooms provided they
• are supplementary bonded within
• the zones.
• They do not have to supply equipment within the
  zones.

8
Supplementary Bonding
2
601

• Local supplementary equipotential bonding
  complying with Reg 547-03 shall be provided.
• Connecting together the terminal of the
  protective conductor of each circuit supplying
  Class I and Class II equipment in zones 1, 2 or
  3, and extraneous-conductive-parts in these
  zones.
• The supplementary equipotential bonding may be
  provided in close proximity to the location.

9
2
601

• Figure showing Supplementary Bonding
• in a bathroom metal pipe installation
• with soldered joints providing reliable
  electrical continuity

10
Switchgear and Controlgear
2
601

• Switches other than those for SELV circuits are
  not allowed in zones 0, 1, or 2.
• This does not apply to switches and controls
  incorporated into fixed equipment suitable for
  use in the zones.
• Socket-outlets Other than SELV and shaver sockets
  are not allowed in bathrooms or shower rooms,
  whatever the size of the room.

11
2
601

• A plate switch is allowed within zone 3 and
  outside the zones of a bathroom.
• A switch should be at least 0.6 metres from the
  edge of the bath or shower and must be suitable
  for the location. It is recommended that plate
  switches be installed outside of zone 3.
• The cords of cord-operated switches are allowed
  in zones 1, 2 and 3.

12
Fixed current-using equipment
2
601

• Fixed current-using equipment may be installed in
  zones 1, 2, 3 and outside the zones but there are
  specific requirements for degrees of protection
  and it may be necessary to protect the circuit
  with an RCD.
• 230 V equipment may be installed in the above
  zones provided it has the appropriate IP rating
  and is suitable for use in the zone.

13
2
601
Extractor Fans

• A suitable 230 V extractor fan may be installed
  in zones 1 and 2 as well as zone 3 and outside
  the zones.
• Must be IPX4 in zone 1 or 2

• An extractor fan supplied from a lighting
  circuit for a bathroom without a window should
  have its own means of isolation, as otherwise
  replacement or maintenance of the fan would have
  to be carried out in the dark.

14
Extractor Fans
2
601

• Example of duct mounted extract fan

15
Electric Showers
2
601

• Electric showers and electric shower pumps should
  comply with BS EN 60335-2-35 and BS EN 60335-2-41
  respectively.
• Usually suitable for installation within zone 1.
  Not required by BS 7671 to be protected by an
  RCD, however, often shower manufacturers
  recommend an RCD
• Normal practice to provide an isolation switch
  within the bathroom. The switch must be
  installed outside zones 0, 1 and 2 although the
  cord of cord operated switches may reach into
  zones 1 or 2.

16
Other Equipmenteg washing machines and tumble
dryers
2
601

• Washing machines and tumble dryers may be
  installed in a bathroom (if suitable) provided
  they are
• Installed outside zones 0, 1 and 2
• Supplied from a switched fused flex outlet
  installed outside zones 0, 1 and 2
• Protected by a 30 mA RCD.

17
2. OVERVIEW ON LOCATIONS CONTAINING SWIMMING
POOLS
2
602
Swimming Pools

• The risks
• Scope
• Summary of the additional supplementaryrequiremen
  ts placed by Section 602 of BS 7671.
• The future 17th edition.

18
The Risks
2
602

• Persons in swimming pools are
• particularly at risk because of a
• reduction in body resistance and
• contact of the body with earth potential.

19
Scope
2
602

• The particular requirements of this section shall
  apply to basins of swimming pools and paddling
  pools and their surrounding zones.
• Special requirements may be necessary for
  swimming pools for medical use.

20
SUMMARY OF THE ADDITIONAL SUPPLEMENTARY
REQUIREMENTS PLACED BY SECTION 602 OF BS 7671
2
602

• The swimming pool and its surrounding
• area is divided into three zones, A, B
• and C.

21
602
2
Examples of zone dimensions (plan) with fixed
partitions of height at least 2.5 m
Zone C
1.5
Dimensions in metres r1 2 r2 r1 - (s1
s2) r3 3.5 r4 r3 - (s1 s2) r5 r3 - (s3
s4)
r3
r1
Zone B
2.0
r2
s1
r4
Zone A
r4
r1
r1
s3
r3
r2
s2
s4
r5
zone A IPX8 zone B IPX5 IPX4
where water jets are not likely to be used for
cleaningzone C IPX2 for indoor pools
IPX4 for outdoor pools
IPX5 where water jets are likely to be used for
cleaning.
22
602
2
Fig 602A - Zone dimensions for swimming
pools and paddling pools
1.5 m
1.5 m
2.5 m
Volume
Volume
Volume
Volume
2.5 m
zone B
zone B
zone C
zone C
Volume
zone A
Volume zone A
Volume zone A
2.0 m
2.0 m
1.5 m
1.5 m
Note The dimensions are measured taking account
of walls and fixed partitions
23
2
602

• Local supplementary equipotential bonding is
  required in all three zones. Where there is a
  metal grid in the floor, it must be connected to
  the local supplementary bonding.
• With permitted exceptions, in zones A and B the
  only protective measure against electric shock
  allowed is SELV at a nominal voltage not
  exceeding 12 volts a.c. rms or 30 volts d.c.

24
2
602

• There are particular IP minimum requirements for
  the zones
• zone A IPX8
• zone B IPX5
• -IPX4 where water jets are not likely to be
  used for cleaning
• zone C IPX2 for indoor pools
• - IPX4 for outdoor pools
• - IPX5 where water jets are likely to be
  used for cleaning.

25
In zones A and B no surface metal conduit or
trunking is allowed nor is the exposed metallic
cable sheath of an armoured cable or an exposed
earthing conductor.
2
602
26
2
602

• In zones A and B there should be no switchgear,
  controlgear, or accessories including
  socket-outlets, with a permitted exception for
  socket-outlets (BS EN 60309-2) in smaller pools
  for cleaning purposes with RCD protection or
  supplied from a safety isolating transformer
  see section 602.
• In zone C socket-outlets are allowed provided
  they are protected by an RCD and are of an
  industrial type to BS 4343 or BS EN 60309-2.

27
electricity supply
2
602

• A distributor may not provide a PME earthing
  terminal for an installation such as that of a
  swimming pool.
• The installation designer may decide not to
  employ it because of the possibility of perceived
  electric shock within the installation or the
  possible danger from a broken PEN conductor.
• IEE Guidance Note 5 recommends
• Where a swimming pool forms part of a residence,
  all metalwork and pipes supplying the pool should
  be connected to an earth electrode and segregated
  from the rest of the building. An RCD should
  then be used to protect the supplies to the pool
  area and the swimming pool installation treated
  as part of the TT system.

28
Overview of hot air saunas
2
603

• The risks
• Scope
• Shock protection
• The wiring
• The zones
• Heating elements

29
2
603

• The risks
• Increased risk of electric shock because of
  extremely high humidity, lack of clothing,
  reduced skin resistance and large contact areas
• Very high temperatures in certain zones.
• Scope of section 603
• Applies only to those where the sauna equipment
  complies with BS EN 60335-2-53 1997 Electric
  sauna heating appliances.

30
2
603

• Shock protection
• The requirements for protection against direct
  and indirect contact in saunas are similar to
  those for bathrooms and swimming pools.
• The wiring
• All wiring should be carried out in flexible
  cables or cords, having 180 C rubber insulation,
  complying with BS 7919 2001, and using
  insulated wiring enclosures complying with
  general Class II requirements.

31
The Zones
2
603

• The zones are temperature zones, dimensioned down
  from the ceiling, up from the floor and around
  the sauna. This allows application of the zones
  whatever the size of the sauna cabin.

32
2
603

• Heating elements
• Heating elements incorporated in a sauna may
  absorb moisture and cause the operation of a 30
  mA RCD, if installed.
• If it is wished to install a 30 mA RCD, it is
  wise to check its suitability with the heating
  equipment manufacturer and that the elements
  installed are suitable for protection by a 30 mA
  device.

33
Overview of construction site installations
604
2

• The risks
• Scope
• Supplies
• Reduced low voltage
• Isolation and switching
• Protection against the weather and dust
• Inspection and testing

34
The Risks
2
604

• The risk of electric shock is high on a
• construction site because
• 1. of the possibility of damage to cables and
  equipment
• 2. of the wide use of hand tools with trailing
  leads
• 3. of the accessibility of many
  extraneous-conductive- parts, which cannot
  practically be bonded
• 4. the works are generally open to the elements.

35
2
604

• Scope
• Section 604 applies to all sites of construction
  work including the repair or alteration of
  existing buildings and demolition work.
• Supplies
• May be difficult to satisfy the electricity
  distributors bonding requirements because of the
  large number of parts of the building works that
  are extraneous-conductive-parts a therefore PME
  earthing terminal may not be provided
• Distributor may offer a TN-S supply to large
  sites requiring their own substation.

36
Reduced Low Voltage Supplies for Construction
Sites
2
604

• BS 7671 requires the use of reduced low voltage
  supplies for all portable equipment, small mobile
  plant and local lighting up to 2 kW.
• 110 V reduced low voltage supplies with the
  centre point of the secondary winding of the
  step-down transformer earthed, limit the voltage
  to earth to 55 volts for single-phase supplies
  and 63.5 volts to earth for three-phase equipment

Limiting the voltage to 55 or 63.5 volts between
a live conductor and earth effectively eliminates
the risk of dangerous electric shock to
exposed-conductive-parts
37
Isolation and Switching
2
604

• Section 604 repeats emergency switching
  requirements of Section 463 that emergency
  switching shall be provided on the supply to all
  the equipment from which it may be necessary to
  disconnect all live conductors in order to remove
  a hazard.
• The requirement is to provide emergency switching
  where there is a need to remove a hazard, and the
  switching requirement is for
• disconnection of all live conductors, that is
  including the neutral.
• Every circuit supplying equipment shall be fed
  from a distribution
• assembly complying with BS EN 60439-4 and BS
  4363.

38
2
604

• Protection against the weather and dust
• Equipment for external use must be at least IP44.
• Inspection and testing
• Fixed installation
• It is recommended that the maximum period between
  inspections of construction site installations is
  3 months.
• Fixed installation RCDs should additionally be
  tested daily (using the
• integral test button). Should RCDs be used to
  protect portable
• equipment they must be tested by the operative
  before each period
• of use (using the integral test button) and by
  the responsible person
• every 3 months (using an RCD tester).

39
Overview of Agricultural Horticultural Premises
605
2

• Scope
• The risks
• Electricity supplies
• Protection against electric shock
• Earth electrode resistances
• Protection against fire
• External influences

40
605 - Overview of Agricultural Horticultural
Premises

• Scope
• applies to all parts of fixed installations,
  (such as stables, chicken-houses houses,
  piggeries, feed-processing locations, lofts and
  storage areas for hay, straw and fertilizers).
• the dwellings are excluded from the scope of this
  section.

41
605 - Overview of Agricultural Horticultural
Premises

• Risks
• general accessibility of extraneous-conductive-par
  ts and impracticality of supplementary or main
  bonding such extraneous parts
• Harsh environment - mechanical damage, exposure
  to the weather, corrosive effects - water, animal
  urine, etc
• a mechanically hazardous area due to
  electromechanical
• equipment, mills and mixers, and mechanical
  drives of all kinds
• rodent damage - leading to fire risks
• storage of flammable materials e.g. straw and
  grain.

42
Overview of Restrictive Conductive Locations
606
2

• The risks
• Scope
• The particular requirements

43
606 - Overview of Restrictive Conductive Locations

• includes boiler shells, cable gantries, small
  tunnels, metal sewers etc. constructed mainly of
  metallic or conductive parts and within it
  movement is restricted.
• Risks - little opportunity to move away from the
  shock, Contact resistance is low due to high
  contact areas and perspiration, so that body
  currents are high and the risk of ventricular
  fibrillation is high

44
606 - Overview of Restrictive Conductive Locations

• particular requirements
• Protection against indirect contact one of the
  following
• 1) SELV with insulation and/or barriers,
• 2) automatic disconnection of supply augmented by
  supplementary bonding,
• 3) electrical separation with only one item of
  equipment connected to each secondary winding,
• 4) the use of Class II equipment further
  protected by a 30 mA RCD.

45
Overview of Earthing Requirements for the
Installation of Equipment having high protective
conductor currents
2
607

• The risks
• Scope
• The particular requirements

46
Overview of Earthing Requirements for the
Installation of Equipment having high protective
conductor currents

• Scope
• The requirements of this section apply to
• 1) equipment between the final circuit wiring and
  current-using
• equipment where the protective conductor current
  exceeds 3.5 mA
• 2) final circuits where the accumulated
  protective conductor current
• is expected to exceed 10 mA.

47
Overview of Earthing Requirements for the
Installation of Equipment having high protective
conductor currents

• The risk associated with final circuits with high
  protective conductor currents is that resulting
  from discontinuity of the protective conductor.
• The more equipment that is connected to a
  circuit, the wider is spread the risk, and the
  greater is the hazard.

48
Overview of Earthing Requirements for the
Installation of Equipment having high protective
conductor currents
49
Overview of caravans, tents and caravan parks
608
2

• Section 608 is divided into two divisions.
• Division one - Electrical Installations in
  caravans and motor caravans
• Division two - Electrical installations in
  caravan parks

50
Overview of caravans, tents and caravan parks

• The risks specifically associated with
  installations in caravans and motor caravans
  arise from
• i) Open circuit faults of the PEN conductor of
  PME supplies
• ii) Incorrect polarity at the pitch supply point
• iii) Inability to establish an equipotential zone
  external to the vehicle
• iv) Possible loss of earthing due to long supply
  cable runs,
• v) Vibration while the vehicle is moving causing
  faults within the caravan installation.

51
Overview of caravans, tents and caravan parks

• Particular requirements to reduce the above risks
  include
• i) Prohibition of the connection of exposed- and
  extraneous-conductive-parts conductive-parts of a
  caravan or motor caravan to a PME terminal
• ii) Additional protection by 30 mA RCDs in both
  the vehicle and the park installation.
  Double-pole isolating switch and final circuit
  cbs in the caravan or motor caravan
• iii) Internal wiring by flexible or stranded
  cables of cross-sectional area 1.5 mm2 or
  greater. Additional cable supports. Segregation
  of low voltage and extra-low voltage circuits.

52
Overview of highway power supplies, street
furniture and street located equipment
611
2

• By definition, highway power supplies include
  the complete highway installation comprising
  distribution boards, final circuits and the
  street furniture.

53
Overview of highway power supplies, street
furniture and street located equipment

• Main points
• Protection against electric shock street
  furniture doors.
• Protection against indirect contact
• Disconnection times
• Isolation and switching
• Identification of cables

54
2
Part 7
Inspection and Testing

• Every installation must be inspected and tested
  during erection and on completion before being
  put into service.
• Precautions shall be taken to avoid danger to
  persons and to avoid damage to property and
  installed equipment during inspection and
  testing.
• If the inspection and tests are satisfactory, a
  signed Electrical Installation Certificate
  together with a Schedule of Inspections and a
  Schedule of Test Results are to be given to the
  person ordering the work.

55
2
Part 7
Testing

• Testing must include the relevant tests from the
  following checklist.
• When a test shows a failure to comply, the
  installation must be corrected. The test must
  then be repeated, as must any earlier test that
  could have been influenced by the failure.
• Testing checklist
• (i) continuity of protective conductors
  (including main and supplementary
  equipotential bonding conductors) (ii)
  continuity of ring final circuit conductors
  including protective conductors (iii)
  insulation resistance (between live conductors
  and between each live conductor and earth)

56
2
Part 7
(iv) polarity this includes checks that
single-pole control and protective devices
(e.g. switches, circuit-breakers, fuses) are
connected in the phase conductor only, that
bayonet and Edison-screw lampholders (except
for E14 and E27 to BS EN 60238) have their
outer contacts connected to the neutral
conductor and that wiring has been correctly
connected to socket-outlets and other
accessories (v) earth electrode
resistance (vi) earth fault loop
impedance (vii) prospective fault current, if
not determined by enquiry of the
distributor (viii) functional testing
(including RCDs and RCBOs).
57
2
Part 7
Tests should be carried out in the following
sequence
Before the supply is connected (i) continuity
of protective conductors, including main and
supplementary bonding (ii) continuity of ring
final circuit conductors, including protective
conductors (iii) insulation resistance (iv)
polarity (by continuity methods) (v) earth
electrode resistance, when using an earth
electrode resistance tester (see also vii).
With the supply is connected (vi) re-check
of polarity (vii) earth electrode resistance,
when using a loop impedance tester (viii) earth
fault loop impedance (ix) prospective fault
current measurement, if not determined by enquiry
of the distributor (x) functional testing.
58
Part 7 Inspection and Testing

• MINOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WORKS CERTIFICATE
• The Minor Works Certificate is intended to be
  used for additions and alterations to an
  installation that do not extend to the provision
  of a new circuit.
• Examples include the addition of a socket-outlet
  or lighting point to an existing circuit, the
  relocation of a light switch etc.
• This Certificate may also be used for the
  replacement of equipment such as accessories or
  luminaires, but not for the replacement of
  distribution boards or similar items.
• Appropriate inspection and testing, however,
  should always be carried out irrespective of the
  extent of the work undertaken.

59
Part 7 Inspection and Testing

• ALTERATIONS AND ADDITIONS
• Whilst there is no obligation to inspect and test
  any part of the existing installation that does
  not affect and is not affected by the alteration
  or addition, observed departures are required to
  be noted

60
Part 7 Inspection and Testing
61
Part 7 Inspection and Testing

• THE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION CERTIFICATE
• The Electrical Installation Certificate is to be
  used only for the initial certification of a new
  installation or for
• an alteration or addition to an existing
  installation where new circuits have been
  introduced
• The original Certificate is to be given to the
  person ordering the work (Regulation 742-01-03).
  A duplicate should be retained by the contractor.

62
Part 7 Inspection and Testing
63
Part 7 Inspection and Testing
64
Part 7 Inspection and Testing

• PERIODIC INSPECTION REPORT
• This Periodic Inspection Report form shall only
  be used for the reporting on the condition of an
  existing installation.
• The recommendation(s), if any, shall be
  categorised using the numbered coding 1-4 as
  appropriate.

65
Part 7 Inspection and Testing

• periodic inspection report - observations and
  recommendations.
• Within the observation and recommendations
  section each observation is required to be
  allocated a number as follows
• (1) Requires urgent attention
• (2) Requires improvement
• (3) Requires further investigation
• (4) Does not comply with BS 7671, 2001 amended to
  (date). This does not imply the
• electrical installation is unsafe.

66
3

• 3. The Future 17th Edition

• The 17th edition will be completely restructured
  compared to the present 16th Edition
• The new edition will adopt the IEC numbering
  system

67
3

• In addition the layout and parts will be
  completely revised.
• There will be a complete new chapter 41 and the
  current part 6 (special locations) will become
  part 7 to align with IEC.
• The next edition of BS 7671 will include
  additional sections on special locations not
  currently included in BS 7671 as follows
• - Marinas - Photovoltaic power systems -
  Exhibitions, shows and stands - Floor and
  ceiling heating systems - Mobile and
  transportable units
• - Fairgrounds, amusement parks and circuses

68
3

• Examples of the increased risk in some of the
  special locations are given below
• Marinas
• The water, salt, and movement of structures
  accelerate deterioration of the installation.
  The presence of salt water, dissimilar metals and
  a potential for leakage currents increases the
  rate of corrosion.
• Increased electric shock risks associated with a
  wet environment, by reduction in body resistance
  and contact with earth potential.

69
3

• Risks specifically associated with craft supplied
  from marinas include
• i) Open circuit faults of the PEN conductor of
  PME supplies raising the potential to true earth
  of all metalwork (including that of the craft, if
  connected) to dangerous levels
• ii) Inability to establish an equipotential zone
  external to the craft
• iii) Possible loss of earthing due to long
  supply cable runs, connecting devices exposed to
  weather and flexible cord connections liable to
  mechanical damage.
• Particular requirements to reduce the above risks
  include
• i) Prohibition of the connection of exposed- and
  extraneous-conductive-parts of the craft to a
  PME terminal
• ii) Additional protection by 30 mA RCDs in both
  the craft and the marina installation.

70
3
Typical wiring arrangement from shore to pontoon

1. Where the particular feeder pillars are in
   external locations they should be constructed of
   glass reinforced plastic (GRP), or have GRP
   housings. GRP is preferred to galvanised steel
   for protection against corrosion in such
   environments.
2. In order to counteract condensation within feeder
   pillar enclosures low wattage anti-condensation
   heaters should be installed.
3. All feeder pillar and distribution board doors
   should be fitted with locks to prevent
   unauthorised access, and have intermediate
   barriers to protect against accidental contact
   with live parts when the doors are open. The
   barriers should provide a degree of protection of
   at least IP2X or IPXXB.

71
3
Exhibitions

• Risks associated with exhibitions, shows and
  stands are those of electric shock and fire.
  These arise from
• i) the temporary nature of the installation
• ii) lack of permanent structures
• iii) severe mechanical stresses
• iv) access to the general public.
• Because of these increased risks additional
  measures are required.
• Regulation 21 of the ESQC Regulations has
  requirements for switched alternative sources of
  energy.

72
3
Exhibition/show distribution with standby
generator
73
3
Ceiling Heating Systems

• Risks associated with ceiling heating systems are
  generally that of penetration of the heating
  element by nails, drawing pins, etc pushed
  through the ceiling surface. For this reason
  supplementary protection against direct contact
  is required by the use of a 30 mA RCD.
• Under floor heating installations can be damaged
  by carpet gripper nails, etc and for similar
  reasons protection by a 30 mA RCD or electrical
  separation is required.
• To protect the building structure and provide
  precautions against fire, there are requirements
  to avoid overheating of the floor or ceiling
  heating system.

74
3
Future changes in the 17th Edition for Special
Locations

• The current special locations contained in the
  IEE Wiring Regulations will be revised to align
  with the latest IEC and CENELEC standards.
• For example the requirements for locations
  containing a bath or a shower unit will require
  RCD protection on all circuits in a
  bathroom/shower room.
• The requirements for swimming pools will include
  fountains.

75
3
Example of determination of the zones of a
fountain
76
3

• The UK have retained the use of reduced low
  voltage supplies for construction sites which
  will continue to be a requirement in the 17th
  edition. Limiting the voltage to 55 or 63.5
  volts between a live conductor and earth
  effectively eliminates the risk of dangerous
  electric shock to exposed-conductive-parts.

Reduced Low Voltage Supplies for Construction
Sites
77
3

• CONCLUSION

• We have come a long way in over 100 years,From
  4 pages and 21 Regulations
• To 17th Edition
  due 2008

78
3
Thank you for listening and have you any
questions?