ThreeDimensional Subsurface Modeling Utilizing Petra Software

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Three-Dimensional Subsurface Modeling Utilizing
Petra Software

• Stephen F. Meigs Jr.
• The University of Texas at Dallas
• GISC 6389, GIS Masters Project
• November 30, 2006

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Contents

• Introduction
• Project Objective
• Literature Review
• Data Sources
• Methodology
• Discussion
• Conclusions

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Introduction

• Increased demand for most naturally occurring
  energy sources
• Find more reserves for less cost
• Develop a three-dimensional modeling process
• Cost effective
• Assist Geologists and Engineers
• Petra software from IHS Energy, Inc

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Introduction

• 3-D Visualizer Module
• Problem
• Lack of documentation
• Time
• Consulting with Geologists and Engineers
• Study area
• The Elm Grove Gas Field
• Southeast corner of Caddo Parish, Louisiana

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Study Area
Map of Northwest Louisiana showing the project
area. T15N R11W, T15N R12W, and T14N R12W
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Introduction

• Petra
• Main Module
• Mapping Module
• Cross-Section Module
• Thematic Mapper Module
• 3-D Visualizer Module
• PI Dwights
• Well database
• Well selection
• ArcView
• Projection issues
• Shapefiles

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Contents

• Introduction
• Project Objective
• Literature Review
• Data Sources
• Methodology
• Discussion
• Conclusions

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Project Objective

• Establish a methodology for creating 3-D models
• Time
• Step-by-step procedure
• Petras 3-D Visualizer
• Preliminary steps
• Tools
• What are they?
• How to use them?
• Find more reserves for less money

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Contents

• Introduction
• Project Objective
• Literature Review
• Data Sources
• Methodology
• Discussion
• Conclusions

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Literature Review

• CAD project of the Massachusetts Institute of
  Technology (MIT)
• 1959 first full-scale project that processes
  drawings in computers
• AutoCAD
• Originally drew 2-D orthographic drawing with
  three separate views
• AutoCAD 11 true 3-D models were able to be
  created
• Today other choices exist
• Petras 3-D Visualizer

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Literature Review

• 3-D subsurface models
• Visualization
• Manipulation
• Preserves the shape of an object
• Measurements
• Predicting spatial variation of one or more
  geologic variables
• Variables represent any property of the geologic
  subsurface that exhibits spatial variability and
  can be measured in terms of real numbers
  (Houlding, 1994)

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Contents

• Introduction
• Project Objective
• Literature Review
• Data Sources
• Methodology
• Discussion
• Conclusions

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Data Sources

• Digital Data Services, Inc. (DDS)
• Purchased
• Township, range, and section data
• Third quarter of 2005
• Digital orthographic quarter quadrangles (DOQQ)
• Atlas, the Louisiana statewide GIS database
• Third quarter of 2005
• Brokers updated monthly
• Coastal Land Services
• Exploration Land Services

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Data Sources

• ArcView
• Projection
• North American Datum 1927
• State Plane Louisiana North FIPS 1701
• Tiff images
• From Brokers
• Georeferenced
• Data imported into Petra
• Procedure created for importing and exporting
  with Petra

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Data Sources

• Well Data
• Geologic Consulting Services
• 1 electric logs
• Surface data rivers, lakes, parishes
• PI Dwights on CD
• Well headers
• API- American Petroleum Institute Number
• Shreveport Log Library
• Raster logs, hard copy
• Acquisition 2 Drilling Technologies
• Raster logs, hard copy
• SONRIS
• Raster logs, digital copy, downloaded
• The Department of Natural Resources for Louisiana

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Contents

• Introduction
• Project Objective
• Literature Review
• Data Sources
• Methodology
• Discussion
• Conclusions

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Methodology

• Help menu
• Preliminary steps
• Use preexisting project
• North Louisiana Petra Project
• Township Ranges and sections
• Parishes
• Well files
• Ensure proper projection
• Import ArcView data
• Broker, raster images
• Lease holdings - omitted
• HBP- held by production

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Help Menu

• Contents tab
• Select 3DViz Module
• Select 3D Visualization Module
• Select the only link
• Welcome to 3DViz
• Lists what can be displayed
• Select link
• Program Navigation
• Describes keyboard and mouse controls

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Help Menu
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Methodology

• Wells logs, Petra Main Module
• Scan hard copy logs
• Download digital logs
• Raster Tab
• Calibration
• Digitize
• Perfs/Shows Tab
• Enter Perforation information
• Enter Shows information
• Zones Tab
• Ensure/enter KB, DF, and ground elevations

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Petra Modules

• Main
• Initial screen
• Map
• Surface visualization
• Cross-section
• Raster and digital logs
• Thematic Mapper
• Importing shapefiles
• 3-D Visualizer
• 3-D Models

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Main Module
Cross-Section
Thematic Mapper
Mapping
3-D Visualizer
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Mapping Module
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Cross-Section Module
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Thematic Mapper Module
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3-D Visualizer Module
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3-D Visualizer

• First major problem
• Displaying the wells
• Prior to opening
• Ensure Main and Mapping Modules are open
• Select wells in Mapping Module
• Select map selected wells in Main Module
• Open 3-D Visualizer
• Select map selected wells
• Refresh
• Display frame or show well symbol plane

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3-D Visualizer Tools

• Bore Holes
• Tops
• Shows
• Perfs
• Logs
• Dip Meter Log
• Add Grid
• Load Petra Overlays
• Add Petra Map
• Cross-Section
• Depth Plane
• Seismic

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Bore Holes

• Left mouse click
• Bore Holes properties
• Right mouse click
• Dim feature

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Tops

• Select
• Tops from Cross-Section Module
• Options
• Ticks, Discs, Cylinders

Taylor Formation of the Cotton Valley Group
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Shows

• Selected from mud logs
• Choose all shows or set parameters for specific
  shows

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Perfs

• Perforated intervals
• Darker shades represent overlapping intervals

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Logs

• Digitized Logs
• Gamma Ray Log
• Depth interval can be narrowed

Yellow represents sands and Brown represents
shales
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Add Grid

• IsoPach
• Topography of depositional environment
• Grid
• Modern day subsurface topography

Cotton Valley limestone Vertical exaggeration x10
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Load Petra Overlays

• Map layers are linked to files in database
• Display depth can be any desired depth

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Add Petra Map

• Select map file
• Nothing under drop down menu
• Browse for file has zero results

• Browse window
• .GEO file extension is required
• How do you get this extension?

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Add Petra Map

• Trial and error
• Known parameters
• .GEO file extension
• Petra Map
• Petra Mapping Module
• File, Export does not work
• File, Save does not work
• File, Print to file

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Add Petra Map

• Print Map Options
• Set scale
• Set key options
• Verify Map Size
• No, change scale
• Yes
• Print
• Shows printer
• Box, print to file
• Do Not Check Box
• Select OK
• Information
• File, Export, 3DViz

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Add Petra Map

• Save Image As 3DViz Image
• 3DViz Image (JPG) Files, is the type
• .jpg file extension?
• Save
• Back to the Map Print Preview screen
• Now what?

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Add Petra Map

• Check the location of the saved file
• .JPG file exists
• .GEO file exists
• Retry using Add Petra Map tool
• Browse to proper file
• Click Open

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Add Petra Map

• Petra Map
• Select File
• Choose parameters
• Modify layers
• Resave map

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Cross-Section

• Cross-Section Module
• Create
• Save, same method as Petra Map
• Crispness

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Depth Plane

• Plane
• Horizontal plane based on lateral extent
• Set-up parameters

Red plane is -5,000 below sea-level Blue plane
is -9,000 below sea-level
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Dip Meter Log and Seismic

• Dip Meter Log
• Required and needs to be digitized
• Unfortunately dip meter logs were unavailable
• Seismic tools
• Currently these tools are still in development

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Contents

• Introduction
• Project Objective
• Literature Review
• Data Sources
• Methodology
• Discussion
• Conclusions

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Discussion

• Methodology for 3-D Visualizer
• Systematically examining each tool/icon
• Exploring their capabilities
• Writing two documents.
• Required knowledge
• Saving files using the 3DViz export function
• Learning to navigate through the module
• Documentation
• Detailed what each tool was for and their
  properties
• Step-by-step procedure for each tool

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Contents

• Introduction
• Project Objective
• Literature Review
• Data Sources
• Methodology
• Discussion
• Conclusions

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Conclusions

• Objectives
• Step-by-step procedure for each tool was created
• Each tool
• Known for what it does
• Known how to use them
• Required knowledge of preliminary steps are known
• Trial and error was the rule
• Each step had to be done in a multitude of ways
• Working model
• Exploration Companies goal of finding more
  reserves for less money
• Assisted by this project
• Matador Resources Company will use this procedure

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Conclusions

• Innovation
• With a procedure that has been exhaustively
  examined and refined for a product that is
  readily available, the 3-D Visualizer methodology
  will greatly enhance any company that uses Petra.
  
• Future Work
• Seismic tools for Petras 3-D Visualizer
• Interpolating logs from well to surrounding wells
  
• Examine the dip meter tool in more detail

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References

• A2D, 2006, Well Logs Computer Files,
  Acquisition 2 Drilling Technologies, Humble, TX,
  TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Company
• Atlas, 2001, Digital Orthographic Quarter
  Quadrangles (DOQQ) Online, Baton Rouge, LA,
  http//atlas.lsu.edu/doqq/ (retrieved on 28 June
  2006)
• Bowman, Doug A., Kruijff, Ernst, LaViola Jr.,
  Joseph J., and Poupyrev, Ivan, 2005, 3D User
  Interfaces Theory and Practice Addison-Wesley,
  Boston, p. 478
• DDS, 2005, Louisiana-Public Land Survey System
  Computer Files, Lakewood, CO, Digital Data
  Services Inc.
• ESRI, 2006, ArcView 9.1 CD, Redlands, CA,
  Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc.
• GCS, 2006, Drawing Interchange Files (DXF, CSV)
  Computer Files Houston, TX, Geological
  Consulting Services Inc.
• GEOMAP, 2006, Drawing Interchange Files (DXF,
  CSV), Well Logs Computer Files, Plano, TX,
  GEOMAP Company
• Guarino, Mac, 2006, Raster Brokerage Maps
  Computer Files, Lafayette, LA, Coastal Land
  Services
• Houlding, Simon W., 1994, 3D Geoscience Modeling
  Springer, Verlag Berlin, p. 309
• IHS, 2006, Petra 3.1.8.6 CD, Tulsa, OK, IHS
  Energy Inc.
• IHS, 2006, PI/Dwights PLUS on CD 1.7 CD,
  Englewood, CO, IHS Energy Inc.
• Johnson, Frank J., 1992, 3D AutoCAD for
  Architects and Engineers McGraw-Hill, New York,
  p. 269
• Shreveport Log Library, 2006, Well Logs Hard
  Copy, Shreveport, LA, Shreveport Petroleum Data
  Association
• SONRIS, 2006, Well Files Computer Files,
  Strategic Online Natural Resource Information
  System, Louisiana Department of Natural
  Resources, Baton Rouge, LA
• Toriya, H. and Chiyokura H., 1993, 3D CAD
  Principles and Applications Springer, Verlag
  Berlin, p. 282
• Wilson, John E., 1999, 3D Modeling in AutoCAD
  Creating and Using 3D models in AutoCAD 2000
  Miller Freedman Books, San Francisco California,
  p. 484
• Xu, Xueming, 2000, Three-Dimensional virtual
  geology photorealistic outcrops, and their
  acquisition, visualization and analysis PhD
  Thesis, University of Texas at Dallas, p. 169
• Zaunbrecher, Burt, 2006, Raster Brokerage Maps
  Computer Files, Lafayette, LA, Exploration Land
  Services

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Acknowledgments

• University of Texas at Dallas
• Dr. Carlos Aiken
• Dr. Ronald Briggs
• Dr. John Ferguson
• Matador Resources Company
• Bo Henk
• Andy Juett
• Mike Ernest
• Diane Scott
• Maria Diaz
• Justin Bagley
• Adam Franklin