UPPER LEVEL WINDS (700 mb)

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Impacts from urban rural surface modifications
on meteorology and air quality in Houston
preliminary results Haider Taha haider_at_altostrat
us.com Altostratus Inc. 940 Toulouse Way,
Martinez, CA 94553 [phone] Robert
Bornstein San Jose State University pblmodel_at_hotma
il.com Rochelle Balmori San Jose State
University balmori_at_met.sjsu.edu For GUM
Workshop, JULY 2004
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OUTLINE

• uMM5 CONFIGURATION
• SYNOPTIC SUMMARY 700 MB SFC
• DOMAIN 1 MM5 SYNOPTIC WINDS VS NWS
• MM5 WINDS (MESO CONVENTION)
• FULL BARB 1 M/S
• FLAG 5 M/S
• DOMAINS 2-4 MM5 WINDs
• DOMAIN 5 uMM5 TEMPs
• CONCLUSION

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Work in progress

• Model EPA uMM5 (Dupont, Burian, et al.)
• Study Aug-Sept Houston (Texas 00) 03 episode
• Improve uMM5 input and physics
• Evaluate uMM5 vs. MM5 performance
• Evaluate uMM5 sensitivity to LU/LC changes

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Urbanization Techniques

• Urbanize surface, SBL, PBL momentum,
• thermo, TKE Eqs
• Allows prediction within UCL
• From vegetation canopy-model of Yamada (1982)
• Veg parameters replaced with urban (GIS/RS) terms
  
• Brown and Williams 1998
• Masson 2000
• Sievers 2001
• Martilli et al. 2001 (in TVM)
• Dupont et al. 2003 (in MM5)
• LLNL 2004

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From Masson (2000)
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From Masson (2000)
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5-domain configuration, D0-5 is urbanized
Resolution 108, 36, 12, 4, 1 km Grid dimensions
(excluding surface) 435328, 555528,
10010028, 13615128, 13314148.
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MM5 input as f (x, y) in D-05

• land use (38 categories)
• roughness elements
• anthropogenic heat as f (t)
• vegetation and building heights
• paved surface fractions
• drag-force coefficients for buildings vegy
• building height-to-width, wall-to-plan,
• impervious-area ratios
• building frontal, building plan, and rooftop
• area-densities
• vegetation top- and area-densities
• root zone and sub-soil layers characterization
• vegetation-canopy characterization, stomatal
  resistance
• e, c?, a, etc. of walls and roofs

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Base-case vegetation cover (urban min)
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Modeled increases in vegetation cover (urban max)
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NWS SYNOPTICS
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1200 UTC (0700 DST) 24 AUG 00

• 700 mb
• Pre-episode AM
• SE flow NE of Houston

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1200 UTC (0500 DST) 25 AUG 00

• 700 mb
• Episode AM
• Opposing NE flow NE of Houston
• Will cause con with sfc SB V

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1200 UTC (0700 DST) 25 AUG

• Sfc chart
• Episode AM
• Not much detail
• Similar to day b/f after

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D-01 MM5 WINDS
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1200 UTC (0700 DST) 24 AUG

• 700 mb
• Pre-episode
• Weak off- shore L (not in NWS)
• Weak NE flow NE of city

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1200 UTC (0700 DST) 25 AUG

• 700 mb
• Episode AM
• Stronger off-shore L
• Stronger NE ff NE of city
• Will cause con with SB ff

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1800 DST 23 AUG

• Sfc chart
• Pre-episode
• On-shore SB
• Not much difference at same time on next 2 days
• Need to see inner domains

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D-02 to -04 MM5 Output
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D-05 uMM5 Output
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Daytime (end) 2100 DST 21 AUG

• Upper L MM5
• Upper R uMM5
• Lower L
• MM5-uMM5
• uMM5? 1 K warmer
• Blob is LU/LC error

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Nighttime (end) 0900 DST 22 AUG

• Upper L MM5
• Lower L uMM5
• Upper R
• MM5-uMM5
• uMM5? 2 K cooler

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Explanation of uMM5 UHI UCI

• Wet soil TI gt urban TI gt dry soil TI
• Urban an area surrounded by wet soil thus has
• Daytime UHI (as urban area warms faster than
  soil)
• Nighttime UCI (as urban area cools faster than
  soil)
• Reverse true with dry rural soil
• Current results thus consistent with wet rural
  soil (as expected) around Houston, as uMM5
  produced daytime warming nighttime cooling over
  urban Houston

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Ongoing efforts

• Additional analysis of current simulation results
• Additional simulations on new 106 CPU cluster
• Use planned 2005-6 Houston field-study data to
  determine atm and (GIS/RS) urban parameters
• Develop parameterizations to replace current M-O
  SBL formulations
• Link urban CFD meso-models for
  Emergency-Response applications