AVCE Unit 2 ICT Serving Organisations

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AVCE Unit 2ICT Serving Organisations
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Organisational structure

• Objectives
• To learn about different types of organisation
• To study a typical organisational structure
• To understand the external pressures on an
  organisation

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How organisations work

• Organisations are entities comprising a group of
  people and resources which are managed, organised
  and coordinated to accomplish goals.
• The three fundamental resources of any
  organisation are
• People
• Organisation
• Technology

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People

• Career
• Education
• Training
• Employee Attitudes
• Employee Participation
• Employee Monitoring
• Work Environment

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Organisation

• Strategy
• Policy
• Mission Statement
• Culture
• Management
• Competition
• Environment

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ICT

• Hardware
• Software
• Telecommunications
• Information Systems

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Ingredients for success

• Successful UK companies
• Are led by visionary, enthusiastic champions of
  change
• Unlock the potential of their people
• Know their customers
• Constantly introduce new, differentiated products
  and services
• Exceed their customers expectations with new
  products and services

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The functions of an organisation

• The Production group produces the goods or
  services
• The Sales and Marketing group sells the product
• The Personnel or Human Resources group hires and
  trains workers
• The Finance and Accounting group seeks funds to
  pay for all these activities and keeps track of
  the accounts

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Traditional pyramid organisation
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External pressures on an organisation
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Data Processing systems

• Also known as a transaction processing system.
  Transactions are all the events that are recorded
  when goods or services are bought, sold,
  distributed or dealt with in some manner.
• Two kinds of transaction processing system
• Batch systems
• On-line systems

Management information systems
These are designed to help managers monitor and
control organisational performance and plan for
the future
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Organisations and information systems
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Knowledge work systems

• Knowledge work systems are used by information
  workers to help deal with problems requiring
  knowledge or technical expertise
• For example
• Word processing programs
• Spreadsheets
• Databases
• CAD packages
• Project Management software
• Networks
• Web browsers
• E-mail
• Video conferencing

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Studying an organisation

• Objectives
• To prepare for an interview to find out about an
  organisation
• To write up a case study of an organisation
• To study a pre-prepared case study

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Finding out about an organisation

• Make notes about the company
• Main functions
• Brief history
• Location
• Customers
• Suppliers
• Structure

• Find out details about different departments
• Accounts or Finance
• Sales
• Distribution
• Marketing
• Research and Development
• Human Resources
• Design
• Production (or service provision)
• ICT services
• Administration

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Departmental functions

• Accounts (Finance)
• Sales
• Marketing
• Distribution
• Research and Development
• Human Resources (Personnel)
• Design
• Production
• ICT Services
• Administration

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Information in organisations

• Employees spend a great deal of time simply
  exchanging information with other people inside
  and outside the company.
• For example
• Customers and sales representatives
• Customers and finance department
• Distribution dept. and the warehouse
• Marketing dept. and a magazine selling
  advertising space

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Information Flows

• To study how information is communicated
  internally and externally
• To distinguish between formal and informal
  information systems
• To draw a diagram showing the relationship
  between departments and external agencies

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Internal and external information

• Management use
• Internal information which concerns the internal
  operations of the company
• And
• External information about the environment in
  which the organisation exists, for example
• Intelligence gathering about competitors
  activities
• Information about population shifts
• Economic and social factors
• Government legislation

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Formal and informal information systems

• Informal systems
• Face-to-face conversations
• Meetings
• Telephone conversations
• Reading newspapers and magazines
• Listening to radio and television
• Surfing the Internet
• Company newsletters
• Memos
• Notice boards

• Formal systems
• Computerised information systems
• Software packages
• E-mail
• Company Intranet