Thioguard

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Thioguard
Non-hazardous chemistry for municipal wastewater
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Thioguard
TST
Total System Treatment
Added directly to wastewater Thioguard stops
odors, corrosion and grease buildup that cause
blockages and sewer failures.
And Thioguard is environmentally safe and
improves wastewater treatment and discharge water
quality.
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Introduction

• Premier has been in the magnesia business for
  over 35 years. Were the largest U.S. producer
  of magnesia chemicals.
• Premier RD developed Thioguard magnesium
  hydroxide for municipal collection systems.
• Major plants in Nevada and Florida.
• Seven hydration facilities across the U.S.
  AZ, CA, FL, NC, NV, PA, TX.

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During the past 25 years regulatory changes
have fundamentally altered the physical, chemical
and biological properties of municipal
wastewater. 
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In the year 2000 the EPA estimated that municipal
sewers subject to corrosion are failing six times
faster than the rate at which they are being
rehabilitated.
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By 2016 the EPA projects more than 50 of the
countrys 600,000 miles of sewers will be in
poor, very poor or inoperable condition.
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Thioguard is a safe, cost saving and
environmentally responsible chemical strategy
which prolongs infrastructure life, manages
wastewater odor, prevents plant upsets, improves
treatment and enhances biosolids quality. 
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While there are many more, herere three simple
reasons to consider this straightforward
technology
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1.)  Reduced Corrosion and Odor
Raising wastewater pH from 7 to 8 eliminates
hydrogen sulfide gas and extends the useful life
of infrastructure subject to corrosion by over
80.
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Modes of Action

• Henrys Law - Gas/Liquid Phase Equilibrium
• SRB Inhibition - Sulfate Reducing Bacteria
• Sulfide Complexation - Magnesium Polysulfide
• Saponification - Fat and Grease Reduction

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H2S and Wastewater pH
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The red area represents how much gas is produced
in this example.
The amount of gas produced is affected by the
wastewater pH. Higher pH less gas.
Heres what Thioguard does.
gt 80 Reduction
H2S Gas
Wastewater
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Corrosion and wastewater pH
pH 7 to 8 is an 81.8 reduction in corrosion
rate.
At 8.5, 93.8 reduction.
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Corrosion A function of surface pH
7
6
5
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pH
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Corrosion Range
2
1
0
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0
0.25
Corrosion Rate (in./year)
Source L.A.County San District
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Why Magnesia?
Property 50 NaOH 30 Ca(OH)2 60 Mg(OH)2
Hydroxide 42.5 45.9
60.3 Solubility (H2O, g/100ml)
42 0.185 0.0009 Per million gallons
1750 tons 7.7 tons 75 lbs Reactive
pH 14 12.5 9.0 Freezing
Point F 61 32
32 Weight Equivalency 1.37 1.25
1
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City of L.A. Sanitary District
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Headspace Hyrogen SulfideBefore and After
Thioguard
City of St. Petersburg, FL
Before Thioguard
After Thioguard
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Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) operate best at
pH 6.6 to 6.8.
A small amount of Thioguard raises wastewater pH
to 8.0 - 8.5 reducing the efficiency of the SRBs
and causing less sulfide to be produced.
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SRB Growth
SRB Growth Rate
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Unlike other alkali choices, Thioguard contains
slowly dissolving Mg(OH2) particles. These
particles have high surface pH and high surface
area, but relatively low solubility.
(Surface area nearly 1 acre per gallon).
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Undissolved magnesium hydroxide particles react
directly with H2S converting H2S to magnesium
polysulfide.
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University Research
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Controlling Hydrogen Sulfide In Wastewater Using
Base Addition Matthew J. Higgins, Bucknell
University R. Dwayne Myers, Bucknell
University Nicolle M. Sprague, Bucknell
University Kevin Barron, Bucknell University
The Effect Of Cations On The Settling And
Dewatering Of Activated Sludges Matthew J.
Higgins and John T. Novak
The Effect of Influent pH on Aerobic and
Anaerobic Treatment Systems Matthew J. Higgins,
Assistant Professor Ezra Yarnell, Graduate
Research Assistant Department of Civil
Engineering Bucknell University Lewisburg, PA
Equivalent Addition Of NaOH, Ca(OH)2, And Mg(OH)2
Effect of pH On Kinetics Of Sulfate Reducing
Bacteria Matthew J. Higgins, Ph.D. Assistant
Professor Department of Civil Engineering Bucknell
University
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Dewatering And Settling Of Activated Sludges
The Case For Using Cation Analysis Matthew J.
Higgins and John T. Novak
The Release of Nitrous Oxide Due to Nitrate
Addition to Wastewater Matthew J. Higgins,
Ph.D. Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering Bucknell University Lewisburg, PA
17837
Controlling Hydrogen Sulfide In Wastewater Using
Base And Nitrate Addition Matthew J. Higgins,
Dwayne Myers, Nicolle Sprague, and Kevin
Barron Civil Engineering Department Bucknell
University Lewisburg, PA, 17837
The Effect of Base and Nitrate Addition on H2S
Production in Wastewater Matthew J.
Higgins Assistant Professor Bucknell University
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2.)  Reduced FOG Buildup (Fats, Oils and Grease)
A large percentage of wastewater collection
blockages (even in mains) can be traced to FOG.
Blockages are serious, causing sewage spills,
manhole overflows, or sewage backups in homes and
businesses. Mild saponification eliminates
downstream FOG blockages and odor.
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Before Treatment
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After Treatment
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3.)  Reduced Plant Upsets and Improved Treatment
Biological treatment plants and collection
systems operate better with wastewater that has
proper, stable pH, lower acidity and higher
available alkalinity. 
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Benefits of Thioguard in Bio-Treatment
Removal of organics
Biological conversion of ammonia to nitrate
Reduction of sludge mass and volume
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Effect of Mg2 on Secondary Treatment

• Mg2 affects bioflocculation or aggregation of
  microbes

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Importance of Bioflocculation

• - Bioflocculation Affects
• 1. Floc Size
• 2. Floc Density
• 3. Floc Strength
• - These parameters are key to good settling and
  dewatering

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Importance of Settling and Dewatering
Settling Affects Overall Plant Efficiency -
Effluent Suspended Solids - Effluent BOD
Most Effluent Problems Associated with Poor
Settling Dewatering is a Large Proportion of
OM Costs in Activated Sludge Plants
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Divalent Cation Bridging Theory
Negatively charged sites on exocellular
biopolymer are bridged by divalent cations such
as Ca2 and Mg2 This bridging helps to
stabilize the microbe-biopolymer floc matrix
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Divalent Cations Can be Displaced by Monovalent
Ions







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Schematic of Floc Matrix




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Plant Benefits
Corrosion
Settling
Odor
Corrosion
Grease
Odor
Metals Removal
BOD5
COD
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Plant Benefits
pH Stability
Cation Balance
Nitrification
Dewatering
Corrosion
MLSS
Odor
MLVSS
Polymer Use
Energy Costs
TSS
RAS
BOD5
Corrosion
pH Stability
Odor
SVI
Floc-formation
COD
Microbe Nutrition/Activity
Filamentous Bulking
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Plant Benefits
Alkalinity
Digestion
Microbe nutrition
Chlorine Demand
pH Stability
Gas Production
Alkalinity
Corrosion
TSS
Dewatering
TDS
Phosphorus
Recycling
Sludge Conditioning
Residual Chlorine
Biosolids Quality
SAR
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This one simple strategy provides

System Wide Corrosion Control
System Wide Odor Control
Treatment Enhancement Effluent Quality and Plant
Capacity - BOD, COD, SVI, TSS, MLSS, MLVSS, RAS,
DOC
Better Biosolids Volume and Disposal
Improved Safety and Environmental Compliance
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Relative Chemical Costs
Relative Cost / MGD
Thioguard
Peak Sulfide Concentration (mg/l)
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Total System Treatment
Conditioning Dewatering Biosolids
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For more information visit
www.thioguard.com