Master%20Thesis%20Presentation

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Master Thesis Presentation

• 3G-Terminal IP Quality of Service Integration in
  UMTS Network
• Tan Zhiwei
• Networking Lab, Electrical Engineering Department
• Helsinki University of Technology
• 4th, December, 2003

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Abstract

• Symbian
• Symbian is the choice of the leading mobile phone
  manufacturers as the platform for future mobile
  phones and terminals. Symbian currently supports
  General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and UMTS
  Quality of Service in the wireless packet data
  system used in mobile phones.
• GPRS
• GPRS is an evolution of the Global System for
  Mobile Communications (GSM) networks with a few
  new elements added to provide the necessary
  packet data functionality. GPRS is often referred
  to being a 2.5 Generation technology.
• UMTS
• UMTS, stands for Universal Mobile
  Telecommunication System, is the key technology
  for 3rd generation networks identified by ITU.
  The UMTS technology will provide higher data
  rates and support Quality of Service.
• QoS
• Quality of Service is an end-to-end concept
  defined in 3GPP TS 23.107 Quality of Service
  (QoS) concept and architecture.

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Introduction

• The structure of this study
• UMTS ALL-IP
• QoS Support in UMTS and PDP Contexts
• Symbian OS
• IP QoS Testing Implementation
• Conclusion
• Summary
• Object and Scope of this study
• The purpose of this study is to verify the UMTS
  Quality of Service signaling on a mobile
  3G-multimedia terminal and end-to-end packet data
  transferring in UMTS network through the UMTS
  Network Interface module.
• The basic means for verifying UMTS QoS signaling
  is by creating different kinds of PDP (Packet
  Data Protocol, see chapter3.3) contexts with all
  different classes of Quality of Service profiles
  from the terminal to the 3G-GGSN and to see if
  packet data can be sent and received successfully
  through the PDP contexts.
• The implementation of this UMTS QoS support is
  done based on an existing mobile terminal IP QoS
  architecture.
• The target terminal for testing is newly designed
  3G multimedia terminals with two operating
  systems a real-time operating system (RTOS)
  handling low level functionalities and signaling
  to the real UMTS network and a non-real-time
  Symbian operating system with multimedia
  capabilities.

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UMTS ALL-IP System 1/3

• Network Evolution
• 2G/GSM
• Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is a
  digital mobile telephony system that is already
  widely used around the world.
• GSM uses the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
  technology in order to send digitized and
  compressed data to different channels with
  different user data streams in their own time
  slots.
• GSM operates at either 900MHz or 1800MHz
  frequency band and it allows eight simultaneous
  calls on the same radio frequency.
• HSCSD
• High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD) is
  circuit-switched wireless data transmission
  technology, which provides mobile users at data
  rates up to 40 50 Kbps.
• HSCSD is an enhancement of CSD data services in
  GSM networks
• GPRS
• GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) provides
  high-speed data transfer up to 160 Kbps in an
  efficient manner. It allocates resources
  dynamically in a packet-network style.
• GPRS requires an upgrade to the GSM radio
  network, and GPRS needs two new components to the
  network in order to efficiently handle packet
  data, they are Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
  and Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN).
• Enhanced Data Rate for Global Evolution
• Enhanced Data Rate for Global Evolution (EDGE) is
  a new air-interface technology, 16 Quadrature
  Amplitude Modulation, gives GSM the capacity to
  handle services for the third generation of
  mobile telephony
• EDGE increases the data rates for a GPRS network
  up to approximately 384 Kbps per radio channel
• Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
• speed convergence between telecommunications, IT
  (Information technology), media and content
  industries to deliver new services and create
  fresh revenue generating opportunities
• data rates as high as 2Mbps.
• UMTS uses TCP/IP protocol family for the Internet
  and multimedia service and provides different
  end-to-end Quality of Service

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UMTS ALL-IP System 2/4

• UMTS Protocol Interworking Architecture
• User Plane Protocols
• PDCPPacket data convergence protocol (make WCDMA
  radio protocols suitable for carrying TCP/IP)
• RLCRadio Link Control (provides segmentation and
  retransmission services for WCDMA interfaces)
• MACMedium Access Control (Lowest part of the
  common transport network layer)
• L1Physical Layer (Controls the use of WCDMA
  physical channels and provides transport channels
  to MAC layer)

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UMTS ALL-IP System 3/4

• UMTS Protocol Interworking Architecture
• Control Plane Protocols
• SMSession Management (controlling actual data
  connections)
• GMM--GPRS Mobility Management (take care of
  users needs during mobility,mainly attach and
  detach)
• RRCRadio Resource Control (establish, maintain
  and release the RRC connections)
• SCCPSignaling Connection Control Part (transfer
  signaling data for connection and connectionless
  service to upper application layers)
• RANAPRadio Access Network Application Part
  (Signaling in the Iu interface)

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UMTS ALL-IP System 4/4

• UMTS System Concepts
• Network Architecture
• A UMTS network consist of three interacting
  domains Core Network (CN), UMTS Terrestrial
  Radio Access Network (UTRAN) and User Equipment
  (UE).
• User Equipments
• User Equipment (UE) consists of the Mobile
  Equipment (ME) part and the Universal Subscriber
  Identity Module (USIM) part. UMTS UE uses WCDMA
  air interface towards Node B and have many
  different types of identities for different
  purposes, such as authentication and security.
• Core Network
• The UMTS packet core network includes Serving
  GPRS Support Node (SGSN), Gateway GPRS Support
  Node (GGSN) and Home Location Register (HLR)
• UTRAN (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
  Network)
• UTRAN can be further divided into many Radio
  Network Subsystems, and each RNS contains several
  Base Station (BS) and one Radio Network
  Controller (RNC)

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QoS in UMTS 1/3

• QoS Overview
• QoS mapping and QoS allocation

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QoS in UMTS 2/3

• UMTS Support for QoS
• UMTS Traffic Classes
• Conversational Class the most demanding QoS
  class, Preserve time relation (variation) between
  information entities of the stream Conversational
  pattern (stringent and low delay).
• Example Voice, Video conference
• real time traffic
• Streaming Class Preserve time relation
  (variation) between information entities of the
  stream.
• Example Streaming Video
• time relation between information entities within
  a flow must be preserved.
• Interactive Class Request response pattern.
• Example Web browsing
• human to machine interaction
• Background Class Destination is not expecting
  the data within a certain time
• Example Email.
• Machine to machine interaction

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QoS in UMTS 3/3

• UMTS Support for QoS
• QoS parameters in UMTS Bearers

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PDP Context 1/3

• Packet Data Protocol Context
• Packet Data Protocol Context is one of the most
  important concepts for the UMTS Packet Data
  Architecture.
• The PDP Context has a record of parameters, which
  consists of all the required information for
  establishing an end-to-end connection.
• PDP Type
• PDP address type
• QoS profile request (QoS parameters requested by
  user)
• QoS profile negotiated (QoS parameters negotiated
  by network)
• Authentication type (PAP or CHAP)
• DNS type (Dynamic DNS or Static DNS)
• The PDP Context is mainly designed for two
  purposes for the terminal.
• Firstly PDP Context is designed to allocate a
  Packet Data Protocol (PDP) address, either IP
  version 4 or IP version 6 type of address, to the
  mobile terminal.
• secondly it is used to make a logical connection
  with QoS profiles, the set of QoS attributes
  negotiated for and utilized by one PDP context,
  through the UMTS network.

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The PDP Context 2/3

• The PDP Contexts (max 11)

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Multiple and 2ndary PDP Contexts 3/3

• Multiple PDP Context
• Multiple PDP Contexts means that one mobile
  terminal can have multiple PDP contexts.
• Each of the Multiple PDP Contexts can at the same
  time have different QoS profiles.
• The primary PDP Context is a normal PDP Context
  with default QoS profile attributes and it is
  always activated first.
• For the multiple primary PDP Contexts, each
  context has different PDP Address and different
  APN
• Secondary PDP Contexts
• Among the group of Multiple PDP Contexts with the
  same PDP Address, the one has default QoS profile
  attributes is regarded primary PDP Context of
  this PDP Address, all the other PDP Contexts with
  the same PDP Address are called secondary PDP of
  this PDP Address.
• the secondary PDP Contexts inside the same
  contexts group share the same PDP Address and
  connect to the same APN, each of the secondary
  PDP has its own QoS profile
• When the downlink traffic flow arrives at access
  point on the GGSN, the packet classifier on GGSN
  will make a PDP Context selection based on the
  TFT (Traffic Flow Template), thus the traffic
  flow will be forwarded to that secondary PDP
  Context with the suitable QoS attributes.
• The Traffic Flow Template (TFT) is used by GGSN
  to discriminate between different user payloads.
  The TFT incorporates from one to eight packet
  filters a unique packet filter identifier
  identifies each filter.

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QoS Interworking

• QoS Interworking
• The QoS parameters for every traffic class may
  not in many of the existing networks. In order to
  transfer all different type of packet data with
  different QoS parameters, the QoS interworking
  has to be ensured between existing networks and
  UMTS during the interworking or roaming
  situations by mapping the QoS attributes.
• The QoS attributes mapping must be done whenever
  the UE, the SGSN, the GGSN and the HLR nodes are
  of different releases.
• QoS Interworking Types
• QoS Mapping from R97/98 to R99
• QoS Mapping from R99 to R97/98

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Handheld Devices

• Handheld Devices
• Smart phones
• PDAs
• Wireless devices
• Etc
• Handheld Device Operating System Classification
• Palm
• Microsoft (Pocket PC)
• Symbian (EPOC) OS
• Linux
• Java
• Etc

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Symbian OS

• Symbian OS background
• Symbian is a private independent company
  established in the UK in June 1998 and is owned
  by Ericsson, Nokia, Panasonic, Psion, Samsung
  Electronics, Motorola, Siemens and Sony Ericsson.
  
• The requirements for Operating System on wireless
  mobile terminals are very challenging. The key
  requirements are reliability, code reuse,
  resource allocation, memory management and
  efficient power management, etc.
• Target Device and Market
• Symbians targeting market is the set of all
  handheld devices that support basic voice
  communication, data networking communication,
  video and picture capability, combined audio,
  photograph transmission and voice transmission
  capability, etc.
• Symbian is aiming to create a mobile society of
  wireless Internet. Symbian is positioned at the
  forefront of the mobile society by providing open
  operating system for wireless handsets.
• Advantage
• small mobile devices
• mass market
• occasional wireless connectivity
• diversity of products
• open platform for third-party developers.

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Symbian OS Architecture

• Multi-tasking
• Symbian OS uses pre-emptive multithreading
  method, which means that every thread has a
  priority, the thread with a higher priority will
  pre-empt other threads with lower priority in
  execution. Preemptive multithreading enables
  running multiple applications and servers
  simultaneously.
• Object Orientation
• The fundamental design principle of Symbian OS is
  object orientation
• Memory Management
• memory leaks are extremely undesirable for
  Symbian OS
• Active Object
• Active object is one essential concept in Symbian
  OS
• to provide non-pre-emptive multitasking without
  the need of using multiple threads by asychronous
  requests.
• Client-Server Architecture
• Client-server architecture is the way in Symbian
  OS to implement access to share recourses and to
  handle asynchronous services.
• Most of the services provided in Symbian OS are
  implemented as servers. Some examples of servers
  are window server, telephony server, database
  server, socket server, file server and serial
  communication server.

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Symbian OS based Mobile Devices

• Smart Phones
• Smart phone is defined as Pocket-sized device
  positioned primarily for voice, offers full,
  configurable two-way data synchronization, and
  OS-based applications can be added without
  restriction.
• Smart phone is the generic title for digital
  phones on wireless network with preferably a
  color display, powerful user interface and an
  open operating system.
• Smart Phone has capability to browse the Internet
  with or without WAP, and send and receive faxes,
  SMS, MMS and email.
• Usually a smart phone is also associated with
  personal information management (PIM) and
  synchronization with PC.
• Sereis 60
• The Series 60 Platform is a software product
  designed for one-handed operated smart phones
  that Nokia licenses to other mobile-handset
  manufacturers.
• It is based on the Symbian OS and adds graphical
  user interface (GUI) on the top of the Symbian
  OS.
• The Series 60 GUI is developed based on the Avkon
  Library. All manufacturers will be able to
  integrate the Series 60 platform to their own
  designed Symbian based mobile phones
• The Series 60 platform supports open and global
  technology enablers, such as browsing, multimedia
  messaging, Java application downloading,
  personal information managing and telephony
  application developing, already widely adopted by
  application developers. Nokia Series 60 Platform
  provides manufacturers a complete smart phone
  reference design with a complete and modifiable
  user interface library and a host of wireless
  applications
• Communicators
• The Communicator is a wireless device, which has
  two modules the phone (cellular mobile
  telephone, CMT) and the personal digital
  assistant (PDA).
• The big differences between communicator and
  smart phones are the bigger screen size and the
  PC style keyboard of the latter

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Current Symbian Based Phones

• Nokia
• Nokia 9210,9210i
• Nokia 9210c
• Nokia 9290
• Nokia 7650
• Nokia 7650
• Nokia 3650
• Nokia N-Gage
• Nokia 6600
• Nokia 7700
• Sony Ericsson
• Ericsson P800
• Ericsson P900
• Siemens
• Siemens SX1
• Motorola
• Motorola A920
• Sumsung
• Samsung SGH-D700

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IP QoS Testing for 3G Mobile

• Overview
• Test Configurations

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Test Suite Structure

• Test Suite Structure
• R99IPQoS/Conversational
• R99IPQoS/Interactive
• R99IPQoS/Streaming
• R99IPQoS/Background
• Traffic Classes and QoS Parameters
• 4 traffic classes
• each traffic class has choosen 4 QoS Parameters
  for testing
• upper limit
• lower limit
• average inside the range
• out of the QoS parameter value range

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Test Cases

• For each of the 4 QoS Traffic Classes, there are
• Single PDP Test Cases
• Multiple PDP Test Cases
• Secondary PDP Test Cases
• Multiple-Secondary PDP Test Cases

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Test Configurations for Primary PDP

• 15 Test Configurations are choosen for primary PDP

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Test Result

• Test Report
• Single PDP
• Multiple PDP
• Secondary PDP
• Multiple-Secondary PDP
• IPv4 and IPv6 types of PDP contexts
• CSD and PSD
• QoS support in UMTS for Terminal
• Test Verification
• From Terminal
• Terminal Symbian Logs
• Terminal Ethereal
• Test Client Logs (mainly)
• From Network side
• TCP DUMP ON GGSN
• Ethereal
• Test Automation
• Provided by testing framework

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Future Test Improvement Considerations

• Support for fast Handover
• One major difference between GPRS and UMTS
  connection management is the number of
  simultaneous PDP contexts they support.
• A problem arises in the case of a handover
  between the two networks in the direction of UMTS
  to GPRS, or to be more exact from Release98 or
  older to Release99 or newer network. If the
  mobile has multiple contexts open to a single APN
  at the time of the handover it will experience it
  as all contexts except one going down.
• Which context will be left active can be
  calculated from the QoS profiles according to a
  defined set of rules
• Roaming support
• mainly about the mapping of QoS attributes that
  are necessary across standardized interfaces and
  also meant for the QoS parameters mapping
  internal to a node
• interworking/roaming purpose, mapping rules
  between GPRS Release97/98 and GPRS Release99 (or
  UMTS R99) are defined.
• The overall principle for the QoS profiles
  mapping is that the new mapped QoS profile in
  another network release give the same, or at
  least similar quality of service as the profile
  in the original network gives.
• Testing in different network
• Different network operators may use different IP
  QoS mechanisms. Therefore, the mobile terminals
  should be able to support multiple IP QoS
  mechanisms defined by IETF
• different link layer technologies may provide
  varying support for QoS.
• The QoS implementation of this work is done by
  using a generic QoS API, thus it should be able
  to work with different IP QoS mechanisms and link
  layers technologies
• Field testing in the real consumer network
• how much QoS can terminals get in the real
  consumer network is still remaining as a question

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Summary

• Thanks to
• Jorma Jormakka, Martin Bergenwall
• Eero Jysky, Mikä Liljeberg and other colleagues
• Sally
• All my family members

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Questions?