History of Education Timeline

1
History of Education Timeline

• By Ashley Coombs

2
National Period

• The National Period focused on building a nation
  on patriotic Americans (national identity)

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National Period

• Noah Webster (1758-1843)
• - Best known for American Dictionary of
  English Language
• - Created most widely used schoolbook
  (spelling book-
• Blue Backed Speller)
• - Interested in creating sense of nationalism

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Progressive Period

• The Progressive Period focused on improving
  schools

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Progressive Period

• Horace Mann (1796-1859)
• - Mann established the state board of
  education and departed from the senate to serve
  as the boards first secretary
• - Mann surveyed the condition of the states
  schools, established training institutes for
  teachers, increased the length of the school year
  to six months, and gathered support for more
  funding for teacher salaries, books and school
  construction.
• John Joseph Hughes (1797-1864)
• - Demanded public funds for Catholic Schools
• - Unsuccessful
• - but this started the secularization of
  American Public Schools
• Catherine Beecher (1800-1878)
• - Began schools for women
• - Taught them domestic and vocational skills
• - Developed a physical program to make women
  more physically fit
• Booker T. Washington (1856-1915)
• - Advocated vocational education for African
  Americans,
• to increase social standing

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Modern Period

• The Modern Period focused on equal education for
  minorities, a structured day, and hierarchy of
  authority

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Modern Period

• John Dewey (1859-1952)
• - American philosopher and educator
• - Argued that education should be based on
  the childs psychological and physical
• development, as well as outside the
  classroom believed there was a connection
• between education and personal experience
• - The recurring notions of child-centered
  learning formed the basis of progressive
• education
• - Looked toward student censored, democratic
  education
• Ellwood Cubberley (1868-1941)
• - Applied industrial management theory to
  education
• - Designed an administrative system for
  schools, led by a professional class of
• superintendents and principals
• - Trained a generation of administrators in
  what was called the science of school
• management
• - Responsible for structuring schools into a
  set time for learning

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Modern Period (continued)

• Maria Montessori (1870-1952)
• - Believed that students should teach
  themselves teachers watch the students
• - Designed rooms with low cabinets and light
  furniture so the children could move
• and change the environment
• - Believed students judge their own
  progression and once they master something,
• they move up the ladder
• Albert Shanker (1928-1997)
• - President of the American Federation of
  Teachers and United Federation of
• Teachers
• - Worked in the Teachers Guild as a labor
  organizer
• - Tried to equalize pay and wanted more pay
  for teachers
• - Became a leader in the standards movement
  and believed social promotion offered no
• incentive for teachers to excel

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Modern Period (continued)

• Linda Brown Thompson (1943- )
• - Single-handedly brought down segregation
  in American Schools
• - By alphabetical accident, because Browns
  name started with a b, the landmark 1954
• decision that ended legalized segregation
  in America went down in history as Brown
• v. Board of Education.
• Jose Angel Gutierrez (1944- )
• - Demanded equal treatment for Chicano
  students
• - Organized the Mexican American Youth
  Organization, a vehicle for social activism.
• Later he established a political
  organization, La Raza Unida.
• - As the head of the Crystal City School
  Board, Gutiérrez instituted a series of
• sweeping changes including use of Spanish
  in the classroom, the hiring of many
• Spanish-speaking teachers and principals,
  the introduction of a new curriculum that
• stressed Latino history and achievements,
  and bilingual education.

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Modern Period (continued)

• Deborah Meier (1931- )
• - Helped revitalize public schools in New
  York Citys East Harlem district
• - founded Central Park Elementary School
  (CPE), a highly successful alternative school
• emphasizing active learning. Within the
  next dozen years, Meier opened two other
• Central Park elementary schools and, in
  collaboration with the National Coalition of
• Essential Schools, the Central Park East
  Secondary School.
• - Fostered democratic community, giving
  teachers greater autonomy in the running of
• a school, giving parents a voice in what
  happens to their children in schools, and
• promoting a family-oriented system
• - Had a progressive philosophy and was
  influenced by John Dewey
• E.D. Hirsh Jr. (1928- )
• - Founder of the Board of Core Knowledge
  Foundation
• - Author of several books on fact-based
  approach to education
• - Critics contend that students using the
  Core Knowledge curriculums are taught what
• to think not how to think. The approach
  has also been criticized for its Eurocentric
• perspective and marginalized attention to
  other ethnic and cultural influences in
• shaping history