Ontology Mapping Patterns

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Ontology Mapping Patterns

• doug foxvog
• 14 February 2005

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Introduction

• DIP/SEKT Combined Mediation Project
• Why Mapping Patterns?
• The Patterns
• Language for Expressing Patterns
• Summary

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DIP/SEKT Combined Mediation Project

• The main activities of the effort were
• Design ontology mapping language
• Design a mediation framework    - Develop an
  ontology mapping patterns library    - Deal with
  inconsistencies arising during mapping
• Mapping Patterns
• SEKT d4.3.1
• Adrian, doug, Jos, Kerstin
• Mapping Language and Framework
• SEKT d4.4.2, DIP d1.5
• Adrian, doug, Francisco, Jos, Livia

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Why Mapping Patterns?

• Semantic Web will have many Ontologies
• Ontologies will be in Different Languages
• Ontologies will Cover Overlapping Topics
• Mappings are Needed For Interoperation
• Not all Mappings are Equivalence
• Mapping Patterns for Common Inter-topic Relations
  Developed

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What Needs to be Mapped?

• Uni-directional vs. Bi-directional Mappings
• Mappings between Same Type of Model
• Individuals, Classes, Relations/Attributes
• Mappings between Different Types
• Complex Mappings
• Class Attribute Class
• Individual Attribute ? Individual

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Uni-directional vs. Bi-directional Mappings

• Each Use of Mapping is Unidirectional
• Mappings in Different Directions at Different
  Times
• More Compact to use Declarative Bidirectional
  Mapping
• Single Locus for Edits
• Conceptually Cleaner

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Mapping between Same Type of Models

• Individual Individual
• Class Class
• Attribute Attribute
• Relation Relation
• String String

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Mapping between Different Types of Model

• Class Individual
• Brand Name Product Treated as Individual
• String Individual/Class
• Country Code, Course Number, Product,
• Attribute Value Class
• Female Female Animal
• Value in Different Units
• Mile Kilometer Conversion

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Complex Mappings

• Class or Relation Intersection
• Class or Relation Union
• Class Attribute Class
• Woman hasSpouse gt Wife
• Individual Attribute ? Individual
• UK primeMinisterIs ? TonyBlair
• Attribute Count Attribute
• Attribute Presence/Absence Attribute/Class
• Mapping by rule

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The Mappings

• Mappings among Classes
• Mappings among Relations
• Mappings between Individuals
• Inter-Type Mappings
• Attribute Value Mappings
• Complex Mappings

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Mappings among Classes

• Equivalent Classes
• O1Person ? O2Human
• Subclass / Superclass
• O1Man gt O2HumanMale
• Class Intersection
• O1Person O1MaleAnimal ? O2HumanMale
• Class Union
• O1ChildWithIrishMom U O1ChildWithIrishDad ?
  O2ChildWithIrishParent

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Mappings among Relations

• Equivalent Relations
• Subrelation Superrelation Mapping
• Negated Relation Mapping
• (O1A(X1 X2)) gt O2B(Y1 Y2)
• Inverted Argument (Sub)Relation
• Relation Union / Intersection
• Attribute Transitive Closure
• tran(O1parent) gt O2ancestor
• Sub-Attribute Value

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Mappings between Individuals

• Equivalent Individuals
• Functionally specified Individual
• capitalOf Mongolia ? UlaanBaatar
• Relations among Classes which are Treated as
  Individuals not Explored

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Inter-model Mappings

• Class Individual (uni- and bi- directional)
• Inter-Attribute Value Mappings (whether
  Individual, Class, String, or Other)
• subAttributeValueMapping( unidirectional
  O1PhysOb.colour DeepGreen O2ObjecthasColor
  Green)

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Complex Mappings

• Subclass by/with Attribute Mapping
• Subclass by/with Attribute Intersection
• Subclass by/with Attribute Union
• Subclass by/with Relation Domain/Range
• Subclass by/with Domain/Range Exclusion
• Subrelation by Domain/Range Restriction
• O1parentOf O1FemaleAnimal O2motherOf

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Complex Mappings (cont.)

• Class Relation Mapping
• classRelationMapping(O1Marriage O2marriedTo
  O1Marriage.husband O1Marriage.wife
  O1Marriage.startDate)
• Mappings via Rule
• relationMapping(bidirectional O1distanceInMiles
  O2distanceInKM equivalentIndividuals(X1 Y1)
  equivalentIndividuals(X2 Y2) milesToKM(X3 Y3))

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Language for Expressing MappingsExamples

• equivalentClassMapping
• subclassMapping
• equivalentClassIntersectionMapping
• subclassUnionMapping
• subclassByAttributeMapping
• subclassByRuleMapping
• equivalentRelationMapping
• subrelationMapping
• attributeTransitiveClosureMapping
• attributeInverseMapping
• equivalentAttributeValueMapping
• equavalentRelationNegationMapping
• subrelationByRuleMapping
• equivalentIndividualMapping

• classMapping(two-way A B)
• classMapping(one-way A B)
• classMapping(two-way and(A1An) B)
• classMapping(one-way or(A1An) B)
• classMapping(one-way A B
• attributeValueCondition(Att AttValue))
• classMapping(one-way A B rule)
• relationMapping(two-way P Q)
• relationMapping(one-way P Q)
• attributeMapping(two-way P trans(Q))
• attributeMapping(two-way P inverse(Q))
• attributeValueMapping(two-way P I Q J)
• relationMapping(two-way R not(S))
• relationMapping(one-way R S rule)
• individualMapping(I J)

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Summary

• DIP/SECT Project Researched Ontology Mediation
  and Mapping
• Set of Mapping Patterns were created.
• Unidirectional and Bidirectional
• Simple and Complex
• Language Designed for Encoding Mapping Patterns