Project Management

1
Project Management

• Primary Source
• Project Management Institute
• A Guide to the Project Management Body of
  Knowledge (PMBOK)

2
Project Plan

• Project Charter
• Project Description
• Scope Statement
• Work Breakdown Structure
• Cost Estimates and Schedule at WBS level
• Major Milestones and Target Dates
• Resource Plan
• Risk Plan

3
Project Scope Control

• Product Description
• Constraints
• Assumptions
• Cost Benefit Studies
• Change Management Process
• This is the fundamental plan for Quality

4
Work Breakdown Structure

• Break project down into deliverables
• A deliverable can be completed by one person or a
  small team
• Optimum size is about 80 hours of work
• The WBS is the basis for project scheduling and
  costing.

5
Example Work Breakdown Structure(From a CIS 673
student project by N. Kapoor, S. Jonnalagedda, T.
Ajala and V. Neerudu)
6
Project Scheduling

• Activity lists from WBS
• Constraints and Resources
• Precedence Diagrams (Activity on Node)
• Arrow Diagrams (Activity on Arrow)
• PERT Scheduling (O 4M P)/6
• Project Network Diagrams
• Bar (GANTT) Charts

7
Network DiagramsActivity on Node
8
Network DiagramsActivity on Arrow
Learn Interaction Diagrams
Times listed are Optimistic, Most Likely, and
Pessimistic Estimates
9
Gantt Charts
10
PERT Scheduling

• Most scheduling is done with either optimistic or
  most likely estimates, which are almost always
  missed.
• PERT averages optimistic, most likely and
  pessimistic estimates with this formula
• (Optimistic 4 times Most Likely
  Pessimistic)
• 6

Example O 6 days, M 10 days, P 20
days PERT Estimate is (6 410 20)/6 66/6
11 days
11
Network DiagramsActivity on Arrow
Learn Interaction Diagrams
PERT Estimate 130 min. 4(225 min.) 345
min./6 230 min.
12
Project Cost Control

• Use of IRR, NPV, and Payback to Fund Projects
• Budgeted Cost of Work Performed BCWP
• Actual Cost of Work Performed ACWP
• Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled BCWS
• Budget At Completion BAC
• Cost Variance CV BCWP - ACWP
• Schedule Variance SV BCWP - BCWS
• Cost Performance Index CPI BCWP/ACWP
• Schedule Performance Index SPI BCWP/BCWS
• Estimate at Completion EAC ACWP (BAC - BCWP)
  CPI
• Variance at Completion VAC BAC - EAC

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Estimation Methods

• Algorithmic Cost Models
• Expert Judgement
• Estimation by Analogy
• Parkinsons Law
• Pricing to win

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Project Management Method

• Create a Work Breakdown Structure by dividing
  project into tasks
• Assign resources to each task and estimate time
  and materials to complete each task
• Identify dependencies between tasks and determine
  critical path
• Use critical path to estimate schedule and sum of
  resource costs to estimate cost

15
Boehms Classic Text
16
Barry Boehms COCOMO ModelSoftware Cost Drivers
(1981)

• Language Experience (1.2)
• Schedule Constraint (1.23)
• Database Size (1.23)
• Turnaround Time (1.32)
• Virtual Machine Experience (1.34)
• Virtual Machine Volatility (1.49)
• Software Tools (1.49)
• Modern Programming Practices (1.51)
• Storage Constraint (1.56)
• Applications Experience (1.57)
• Timing Constraint (1.66)
• Required Reliability (1.87)
• Product Complexity (2.36)
• Personnel/Team Capability (4.18)

Numbers in parentheses are productivity
ranges Example A team with software tools at a
high level is 1.49 times as productive as a team
at a low level (49 more productive)
17
Estimating by Analogy

• Developers and project managers estimate the size
  of the project by comparing it to other projects
  that have been completed and assume that it will
  cost as much and take as long as a similar
  project, subject to normal variation

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Function Point Method

• Compute a function point total for the project
• You might want to add a corporate average
  percentage for project scope creep
• Multiple the adjusted function point total by the
  corporate average cost per function point for
  this type of project
• Rough schedule in months is about the square root
  of the function point total as adjusted by
  corporate experience

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Project Resource Planning

• Staffing Management Plan
• Staffing Pool Description
• Recruiting Plan
• Resource Assignment Matrix (figure 4.8, page 83)
• Resource Histograms (figure 4.9, page 83)
• Resource Leveling

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Other Issues

• Project Communications Management
• Project Quality Management
• Project Risk Management
• Identification
• Quantification,
• Response Development
• Response Control
• Project Procurement Management
• Project Close Out