Review for Lab Practical

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Review for Lab Practical 4
Yeah! Its the last one!

• Molluscs, Arthropods, Echinoderms, Chordata,
  Fetal Pig Dissection

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Phylum Mollusca

• General
• How many germ layers do molluscs have? What type
  of symmetry do they exhibit? Do they have a
  coelom? Is their digestive system complete or
  incomplete? How do they accomplish gas exchange?
  Is their circulatory system open or closed? Are
  they protostomes or deuterostomes?
• What are 3 parts that all molluscs have?
• What are the 4 classes of molluscs and give some
  examples of each. What are the major differences
  between the 4 classes (ex. how do they eat, how
  do they move, where is their shell?)
• Specimens
• We looked at preserved specimens of snails,
  slugs, clams, squid, and chitons. Know the class
  of each, how they move, and how they feed.
• In a dissected clam, be able to identify and
  state the function of the adductor muscles,
  mantle, shell, foot, gill, labial palps, and
  visceral mass.
• In a dissected squid, identify and state the
  function of the siphon, eye, mantle, fins, arms,
  tentacles, horny beak, systemic heart, branchial
  hearts, gills, stomach, intestine, penis, eggs,
  and ink sac. Be able to say the sex of the
  specimen.

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Name three parts that allmolluscs have?
4
Name three parts that allmolluscs have? foot,
mantle, visceral mass
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How do _________ get their food? Bivalves? Squi
ds and Octopuses? Snails and Slugs?
6
How do _________ get their food? Bivalves?
filter feeding Squids and Octopuses? hunting
prey Snails and Slugs? Scraping and chewing food
with their radula
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What does the mantle secrete?
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What does the mantle secrete? the shell
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To what class does this organism belong?
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To what class does this organism belong?
Polyplacophora (its a chiton)
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To what class do these organisms belong? What
type of symmetry do they exhibit?
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To what class do these organisms belong?
Bivalvia What type of symmetry do they exhibit?
Bilateral (even though it isnt obvious)
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To what Kingdom, Phylum, and Class does this
organism belong?
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To what Kingdom, Phylum, and Class does this
organism belong? Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda
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What are the labeled parts?
B
D
A
C
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What are the labeled parts?
17
What are the labeled parts?
E
F
A
C
B
D
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What are the labeled parts?
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To what Kingdom, Phylum, and Class does this
organism belong? How does its circulatory system
differ from that of members of other classes of
Molluscs?
What are the indicated squid parts?
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To what Kingdom (Animalia), Phylum (Mollusca),
and Class (Cephalopoda) does this organism
belong? How does its circulatory system differ
from that of members of other classes of
Molluscs? It is closed.
Fin
Tentacle
Siphon
Arm
What are the indicated squid parts?
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Identify the indicated parts
shell
22
Identify the indicated parts
branchial hearts
gills
mantle
shell
Note that the systemic heart is between the two
branchial hearts. It is sometimes hard to see.
Look for it in the image a few slides later.
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Identify the indicated parts
A
B
shell
C
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Identify the indicated parts
shell
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How can you tell an arm from a tentacle?
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How can you tell an arm from a tentacle?
Tentacles are longer than arms.
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The pen is also known as the ________.
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The pen is also known as the shell.
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Where is the penis?
A
B
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Where is the penis?
See the systemic heart between the two branchial
hearts.
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Phylum Arthropoda

• General
• 1. How many germ layers do arthropods have?
  What type of symmetry do they have? Is their
  circulatory system open or closed? How do they
  breathe? Are they dueterostomes or protostomes?
  
• What are the 3 body regions that most arthropods
  have?
• What are the 4 major subphyla of arthropods?
  Give examples of each. What are the major
  characteristics of animals in each subphyla?
• What is the difference between complete and
  incomplete metamorphosis?
• What are the key features of Class Insecta?
• Specimens
• We looked at live and preserved specimens of
  trilobites, horseshoe crabs, grasshoppers,
  tarantulas, millipedes, centipedes, and crayfish.
  Know the subphylum and class of each specimen.
• In a dissected crayfish, be able to identify and
  state the function of the chelipeds, antennae,
  antennules, carapace, walking legs, swimmerets,
  maxillipeds, telson, uropods, gills, green
  glands, stomach, digestive gland, heart, brain,
  and intestine.
• In the preserved grasshopper, be able to identify
  the head, thorax, abdomen, spiracles, wings, and
  walking legs. What is the function of the
  spiracles? To what class does it belong?

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To what class does this organism belong?
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To what class does this organism belong? Trilobita
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• How many legs does a spider have?
• How many legs does an insect have?

35

• How many legs does a spider have?8
• How many legs does an insect have? 6

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• How many legs are on each segment of a
  millipede?
• How many are on each segment of a centipede?

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• How many legs are on each segment of a
  millipede?2
• How many are on each segment of a centipede? 1

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What part of the insect is the arrow pointing to?
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What part of the insect is the arrow pointing to?
Abdomen
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Is this an example of complete or incomplete
metamorphosis? Point out the pupae.
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Identify the head, thorax, abdomen, compound eye,
walking legs, and wing.
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Identify the head, thorax, abdomen, compound eye,
tympanum, walking legs, and wing.
Walking leg
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To what phylum and subphylum does this organism
belong?
Identify the indicated parts.
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To what phylum and subphylum does this organism
belong? Arthropoda, Crustacea
Identify the indicated parts.
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Make sure you know the swimmerets, walking legs,
chelipeds, and antenna
(chelipeds are typically considered walking
legs)
Is the pointer on a telson or uropod?
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Make sure you know the swimmerets, walking legs,
chelipeds, and antenna
(chelipeds are typically considered walking
legs)
Is the pointer on a telson or uropod?
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Identify the indicated parts.
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Identify the indicated parts.
49
Identify the indicated parts
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Identify the indicated parts
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Phylum Echinodermata

• General
• How many germ layers do they have? What type of
  symmetry do they have as larvae and as adults?
  Are they deuterostomes or protostomes? What are
  the differences between protostomes and
  deuterostomes (review the chart in your notes)?
• What is the order of flow of water through the
  water vascular system? What is the function of
  the water vascular system?
• Know the classes of sea stars, sand dollars, sea
  urchins, sea cucumbers, and brittle stars.
• Specimens1. We looked at live and preserved
  specimens of sea stars, sea urchins, sand
  dollars, sea cucumbers, and brittle stars.
• 2. In a dissected sea star, be able to identify
  and state the function of the madreporite, mouth,
  tube feet, pyloric caecum (aka digestive gland),
  gonad, stomach, eye spot, stone canal, ring
  canal, radial canal, transverse canal, ampullae,
  ambulacral ridge, ambulacral groove.

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Echinoderms
Are Protostomes / Deuterostomes. Have
____________ symmetry as larvae and
___________symmetry as adults.
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Echinoderms
Are Protostomes / Deuterostomes. Have
__bilateral___ symmetry as larvae and
__pentaradial_________symmetry as adults.
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To what kingdom, phylum, and class does this
organism belong?
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To what kingdom, phylum, and class does this
organism belong?
Animalia, Echinodermata, Holothuroidea
Its a sea cucumber
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To what class does this organism belong?
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To what class does this organism belong?
Echinoidea
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Which is more closely related to humans and
why? Grasshopper, Squid, Starfish, Earthworm
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Which is more closely related to humans and
why? Grasshopper, Squid, Starfish, Earthworm
Both starfish and humans are deuterostomes. The
others are protostomes.
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Describe the pathway of water through the water
vascular system.
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Starfish Dissection
Water Vascular System Water comes in the
madreporite, travels through the stone canal to
the ring canal and then flows through the radial
canals in each arm. The short transverse canal
connects the radial canal with the ampulla. When
the ampulla fill with water, they contract and
move the tube feet.
Ring canal
Radial canals in each ambulacral ridge
Radial canals in each ambulacral ridge
ampulla
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Which is the oral and which is the aboral surface?
A.
Mouth
B.
C.
shell
Name each of the labeled structures.
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Which is the oral and which is the aboral surface?
oral
aboral
Mouth
shell
Name each of the labeled structures.
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Identify each part.
A.
B.
ampulla
C.
D.
shell
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Identify each part.
ampulla
shell
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Random starfish photo
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In a Deuterostome, the blastopore becomes the
________________. Do protostomes have
determinant or indeterminant growth?
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In a Deuterostome, the blastopore becomes the
Anus. Do protostomes have determinant or
indeterminant growth? determinant
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Pick out a morula, blastula, and gastrula. On
the gastrula, find the archenteron and the
blastopore.
Sea Star Development
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Pick out a morula, blastula, and gastrula. On
the gastrula, find the archenteron and the
blastopore.
Morula
Archenteron
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One cell stage
Two cell stage
Morula solid ball of early cells (blastomeres)
note I wont ask the difference between
early and late stages of the blastula or gastrula
blastopore
archenteron
Early Gastrula
Late Gastrula
Early Blastula
Late Blastula
During the gastrula stage, cells begin to
invaginate creating a tube-like structure called
the archenteron which will ultimately become the
gut. The blastopore is the opening of the
archenteron and will eventually become the anus.
At this point, cells are differentiating into
ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.
Blastula is a hollow ball of cells, no more
cleavage occurring now
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Phylum Chordata

• General
• 1. What are the 5 characteristics that all
  chordates have?
• What are the 3 subphyla and give examples of
  each. What are the major differences between the
  3 subphyla?
• What are the 4 main characteristics of
  vertebrates? Know the 7 major groups of the
  vertebrates and the major differences between
  them.
• Specimens
• We looked at preserved specimens and a whole
  mount slide of Amphioxus. What subphylum does it
  belong to? What is its common name? Identify
  the gill slits and post anal tail. Where do they
  live?
• We looked at preserved specimens of sea squirts
  (aka tunicates). What subphylum do they belong
  to? What is their common name? Where do they
  live?
• We looked at preserved specimens of agnathans,
  sharks, bony fish, frogs, lizards, turtles,
  birds, and mammals. Know the class and major
  characteristics of each (ex. cartilage only,
  amniotic egg, placenta, hair, feathers, jawless,
  tetrapod, homeotherm etc.)
• In a dissected fish, identify the dorsal fins,
  pectoral fin, pelvic fin, caudal fin, operculum,
  heart, gills, liver, intestine, and swim bladder.
  To what kingdom, phylum and class does it
  belong?
• For the fetal pig, know how to identify and state
  the function of all of the structures on the
  handout you got the day of the pig lab.

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What are the five characteristics shared by all
chordates?
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What are the four characteristics shared by all
chordates?
Dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal
gill slits, post anal tail, endostyle or thyroid
gland
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To what subphylum does this organism belong?
Identify the gills.
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To what subphylum does this organism belong?
Identify the gills.
Cephalochordata
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To what phylum and subphylum does this sea squirt
belong? How does it obtain food?
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To what phylum and subphylum does this sea squirt
belong? How does it obtain food?
Chordata, urochordata, filter feeds
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• Name each of the classes of vertebrates and give
  an example of one of its members. (see the next
  slide you may have to click it multiple times
  to get all of the names to show up)

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Vertebrata
Class Mammalia
Class Osteichthyes
Class Mammalia
Class Amphibia
Class Aves
Class Reptilia
Class Osteichthyes
Superclass Agnatha
Class Chondrichthyes
81
To what class does this organism belong?
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To what class does this organism belong?
Chondricthyes
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Which of the following lay eggs that need water?

• Turtles
• Birds
• perch
• Frogs
• Snakes
• Kangaroos

84
Which of the following lay eggs that need water?

• Turtles
• Birds
• perch
• Frogs
• Snakes
• Kangaroos

85
Identify each structure.
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Identify each structure. Gills, Heart, Liver (in
order from lft to rt)
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Random fish picture
88
Yuck!
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Describe what the swim bladder looks like and
what purpose it serves.
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Describe what the swim bladder looks like and
what purpose it serves.Looks like a soap
bubble, helps the fish regulate its buoyancy or
depth in the water
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Is this a male or a female pig?
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This is a female. Females have genital papilla
over their urogenital opening. Other ways to
tell male from female . Males have an opening
for the penis just below the umbilical cord and
an enlarged scrotal sac near the anus. Note that
both males and females have nipples (just like
humans), so dont use that as a distinguishing
characteristic between males and females.
Genital papilla (flap-like thing)
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See the enlarged scrotal area around the anus of
the male pig and note the absence of the papilla.
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Find the thymus glands, larynx, and thyroid gland.
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Find the thymus glands, larynx, and thyroid gland.
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Label the liver, gall bladder, stomach, spleen,
and small intestine.
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Label the liver, gall bladder, stomach, spleen,
and small intestine.
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The next slide are more pig pictures.
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Good luck on the practical and on the final exam
for lecture.

• It has been nice to work with you this semester.