COGNITIVE PACKET NETWORKS

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COGNITIVE PACKET NETWORKS

• Okan VURAL-504001561

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TCP/IP

• OSI Reference Model (application
  layer,presentation lyr.,session lyr.,transport
  lyr.,network lyr. and physical lyr.)
• TCP connection oriented and reliable protocol,
• IP connectionless and unreliable,
• In TCP/IP flow control,error control and routing
  are handled in the transport(TCP) and network(IP)
  layers
• Routing table information(static,dynamic)
• Dynamic routing protocols(distance-vector
  protocols,link-state protocols)

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Introduction

• Proposallet CPs handle these functions...
• Cognitive Packets(CP)
• Intelligence constructed into the packets rather
  than at the nodes or in the protocols
• Cognitive Packet Networks(CPN)
• CPs route themselves,learn to avoid congestion
  and to avoid being lost or destroyed

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cont.d...

• CPs learn from their own observations and from
  the experience of other packets
• CPs rely minimally on routers,so that network
  nodes only serve as buffers,mailboxes and
  processors
• CPs that share the same goals and use similar
  sets of rules can be grouped

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CPs and CPNs

• CP fields
• identifier
• unique identifier for the CP
• information about the class of packets it may
  belong to(QoS etc.)
• data field
• ordinary data to be transmitted

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• cognitive map
• source and destination(S-D) information
• information showing where the packet thinks it is
• packets view of the state of the network
• where it wants to go next
• executable code
• neural networks algorithms
• learning algorithms for updating the CM
• decision algorithms which use the CM

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CPs and CPNs

• CPs
• store information in their Cognitive Map(CM)
• update the CM
• make routing decisions using the code stored in
  the packet
• places where they can read their mailboxes
• mailboxes may be filled by
• the node
• other packets which pass through the node

Mailbox(MB)
Code
Cognitive Map (CM)
Updated Cognitive Map
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CPs and CPNs

• Nodes in a CPN carry out the following functions
• receive packets via a set of ports and store them
  in an input buffer
• transmit packets to other nodes via a set of
  output buffers
• receive information from CPs and store them in
  MBs
• execute the code for each CP in the input buffer
• during the execution of the CPs code ,the CP may
  ask the node to declare its identity and to
  provide information about its local connectivity
• This is node A,and I am connected to nodes
  B,C,D
• as a result of this execution
• the CMs of the packets in the input buffers are
  updated
• certain information is moved from CPs to certain
  MBs
• a CP which has made the decision to be moved to
  an output buffer is transferred there

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CPN

• Today
• flow control and error control are performed at
  the protocol level
• routing performed at the node level
• CPN
• all are performed at the packet level
• packets use the nodes as
• buffer spaces to hold the incoming packets until
  switched,
• processors to execute the code stored in the
  packets ,
• mailboxes that CPs use to exchange information,
• bypasses the usage of routing protocols
• to make a routing decision, the packet needs
• number of connections the node has
• delay,loss,cost,etc. values related to each of
  the connections

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CPN

• Flow control
• handled on a node-by-node basis rather than
  end-to-end
• the mailboxes in the nodes can contain the load
  of the node on the other side of the connection
  besides other information
• CP decision algorithms can take this information
  into consideration when choosing the direction to
  go
• as a result
• CPs can stay away from overloaded nodes
• the upstream flow of Cognitive Packets original
  senders will reduce the number of packets flowing
  to overloaded nodes

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Addressing and Error Control in CPNs

• Both a TCP/IP address and an address private to
  that particular CPN network
• CPs communicate with each other via the nodes MB
  
• In future networks,CPs may inhabit a packet
  switching network at the same time as
  conventional packets.This may be needed,for
  instance ,for certain applications which require
  a very high level of robustness,or for packets
  which would have to travel through a
  particuliarly unreliable part of the network.

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...error control

• Despite the changes in netw. connectivity,failures
  and errors,as well as congestion,may lead to
  packets spending excessive time in the network
  without reaching their destination.
• CP will carry a counter which will be
  decremented each time the packet visits a node.

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Adaptation by CPs

• Each CP
• starts with a given representation of the network
• progressively constructs its own cognitive map of
  network state
• uses it to make routing decisions
• assigned a goal before entering the network
• acts according to this goal
• Goal examples
• voice packets
• Go from S to D in minimum time
• Go from S to D in minimum time ,without
  violating sequences
• data packets
• Go from S to D without getting lost or destroyed
  

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Thanks...