Population An Introduction to Concepts and Issues

1
Population An Introduction to Concepts and
Issues

• 9th EditionJohn R. Weeks

2
Part One

• A Demographic Perspective

3
Part Outline

• 1 Introduction to Demography
• 2 Global Population Trends
• 3 Demographic Perspectives
• 4 Demographic Data

4
Chapter 1

• Introduction to Demography

5
Chapter Outline

• What Is Demography?
• Why Is Demography Important?
• How Will You Use This Information?

6
What is Demography?

• The scientific study of human population.
• Concerned with
• Population size
• Population growth or decline
• Population processes
• Population distribution
• Population structure
• Population characteristics

7
The Past Is a Foreign Country
1900 2000
World population (billions) 1.6 6.1
U.S. population (millions) 76 281
U.S. percent of world total 4.8 4.6
Life expectancy 47 77
Children per woman 3.5 2.1
8
The Past Is a Foreign Country
1900 2000
U.S. Population
Immigrants from Italy (19001910) (19902000) 2 million 63,000
Immigrants from Mexico (19001910) (19902000) 50,000 2.2 million
foreign-born 13.6 11.1
urban 40 80
9
The Past Is a Foreign Country
1900 2000
U.S. Population
Number of passenger cars 8,000 130 million
of population under 15 34.4 21.4
of population 65 4.1 12.4
Average persons per household 4.76 2.59
high school graduates 10 80
10
Why is Demography Important?

• Global issues that have important demographic
  components include
• Terrorism and regional conflict
• Violence in sub-Saharan Africa
• The backlash against immigrants
• Globalization
• The degradation of the environment

11
Degradation of the Environment

• Every person added to the population requires
  energy to prepare food, to provide clothing and
  shelter, and to fuel economic life.
• More than half a billion people face water
  scarcity.
• Two to three billion live in areas that are
  water-stressed.

12
Demographics of Politics

• The Census of Population provides data for the
  apportionment of seats in the House of
  Representatives.
• Legislators ask questions about how population
  influences the programs
• Will increase in the older population bankrupt
  the Social Security system?
• Would federal subsidies to inner-city areas help
  lower the unemployment rate?

13
(No Transcript)
14
Demographics of Social Planning

• Local agencies use demographics to plan for
  services for their communities.
• Sickness and health are affected by
  sociodemographic characteristics and the demand
  for services shifts with demographic trends.

15
Births and Selected Age Groups in the United
States
16
Marketing Demographics

• Segmenting markets - tailoring products and
  services to a specific demographic group
• Targeting - aiming the advertising of a product
  or service to a specific demographic group
• Cluster marketing relates demographic information
  about people to information about where they live.

17
Business Demographics

• Demographics are an important component of site
  selection for many businesses.
• Investors use demographics to find areas of
  potential market growth.
• Human resource managers use demographics to
  increase their awareness of the special qualities
  and needs among their present and prospective
  employees.