Ch. 1 Biology: The Study of Life

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Ch. 1 Biology The Study of Life
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1.1 What is Biology?

• Biology study of life
• Order in natural world
• Living things do not exist in isolation

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Biologists study

• interactions of life
• interactions of environment
• study of one species always involves the study of
  other species with which it interacts
• problems propose solutions

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Organism anything that possesses all of the
characteristics of life
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Characteristics of life
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Orderly structure

• composed of 1 or more cells
• cells form structures that carry out essential
  functions, ex. Digestion

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Reproduce

• essential for continuation of species
• species group of organisms that can interbreed
  produce fertile offspring in nature

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Growth development

• growth results in an increase in amount of
  living material formation of new structures
• development sum total of changes that take
  place over organisms life

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Adjust to environment

• environment an oranisms surroundings including
  air, H2O, weather, temperature, other organisms
• stimulus any environmental cond. That requires
  an organism to adjust
• response reaction to stimulus
• homeostasis regulation of organisms internal
  envir. to maintain cond. suitable for survival
• occurs in all living things
• living things also respond to internal changes

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Adapt evolve

• adaptation any structure, behavior, or internal
  process that enables an org. to respond to
  stimuli better survive in an envir.
• inherited from previous generations
• evolution gradual accumulation of adaptations
  over time

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All characteristics of life require energy (E)

• E ability to do work
• organisms get E from food

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1.2 Methods of Biology
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Scientific methods the common steps that
scientists use to gather info answer ?

• observe
• hypothesize
• hypothesis explanation for a ? or problem that
  can be formally tested

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Experiment

• procedure that tests a hypothesis by collecting
  info under controlled cond.
• controlled experiment involves 2 groups only
  1 cond. is changed at a time
• control group in which all cond. are kept the
  same
• experimental group test group, in which all
  cond. are kept the same except for the one being
  tested
• independent variable cond. that is being
  changed only cond. that will affect outcome
• dependent variable cond. being tested for
  results from a change in indep. var.
• use tools
• maintain safety

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Working with data

• gather data
• analyze data
• report results
• verify results
• form a theory
• theory a hypothesis that is supported by many
  separate observations experiments, usually over
  a long period of time

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Writing a lab report
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1.3 Nature of Biology
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Kinds of Research

• quantitative research result in counts or
  measurements (numerical data)
• qualitative research descriptive, observational
  data

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International System of Measurement (SI)

• Advantages
• Only a few basic units
• Decimal system

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Most common units are

• Meter (m) length
• Gram (g) mass
• Liter (l) volume
• Second (s) time
• Degrees Celsius (?C) temperature (temp.)

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Science Society

• ethics moral principles values held by humans
• pure science scientific study that is carried
  out for the sake of knowledge
• technology application of scientific research
  to societys needs problems