Chiroptera chapter 13

1
Chiropterachapter 13
2
Chiropterabasic morphology
3
Chiropteraextant diversity
about ? species (second to ?)Over a half of
the ? species of bats on our planet are
classified as threatened or near threatened with
extinction
4
ChiropteraMegachiroptera vs. Microchiroptera(meg
abats vs. microbats)
5
ChiropteraMegabatsPteropodidaeabout ? species
claws on ? digits ?ivores (mostly) unspecialized
? big ?, poor ? more ? ? bar
6
ChiropteraMicrobats? Families
?location tragus ? specializations eyes
? ?patagium
7
ChiropteraMicrobats
?tivores ?inivores ?ivores ?rivores ?livores
8
Chiropterafossil history
Icaronycteris Eocene 45mya North America flies,
echolocates
Onychonycteris Eocene North America flies, does
not echolocate
9
Chiropteraphylogenetic hypotheses
10
Chiropteraphylogeny within Eutherians
11
Chiropteraphylogeny of mega vs. microbats
microbat clade
microbat clade
megabat clade
12
Chiropteramicrobats echolocation
13
Chiropteramicrobats echolocation
fm ?
cf ?
http//www.sonobat.com/index.html
14
Chiropteramicrobats echolocation
feeding ? ? intercepted
15
Chiropteramicrobats echolocation
prey/predator co?
16
Chiropteramicrobats reproductiondelayed ?
17
Chiropteramicrobats reproduction? young
18
Chiropteramicrobats development
19
Chiropteramicrobatshigher latitudes seasonal ?
20
Chiropteramicrobatshigher latitudes seasonal ?
21
Chiropteramicrobatshibernation
22
ChiropteraNeotropical diversity
?nivores vampire bats ? genera, ?
species Desmodus rotundus
23
ChiropteraNeotropical diversity
?livores piscivores Noctilio, Pizonyx
24
ChiropteraNeotropical diversity
?livores rodent/bat eaters Vampyrum,
Chrotopterus
25
ChiropteraNeotropical diversity
?tarivores Musonycteris, Glossophaga,
Lonchophylla
26
ChiropteraNeotropical diversity
?ivores Vampyressa, Centurio, Ectophylla
27
ChiropteraNeotropical diversity
?livores frog eaters Trachops
28
ChiropteraNearctic/Neotropical diversity
?ctivores North American families Vespertilioni
dae
29
ChiropteraNearctic/Neotropical diversity
?ctivores North American families Molossidae
30
ChiropteraNearctic/Neotropical diversity
Tadarida Bracken Cave, TX 20-40 million bats
31
Chiropterasouthern Nevada diversity
Phyllostomidae leaf nosed (whispering)
bats Macrotus californicus California
leaf-nosed bat
32
Chiropterasouthern Nevada diversity
Vespertilionidae Myotis about 5
species Antrozous pallidus pallid
bat Pipistrellus hesperus western
pipistrelle Lasiurus about 3 species Lasionyter
is noctivagans silver-haired bat Corynorhinus
townsendii Townsends big-eared bat Euroderma
maculatum spotted bat
33
Chiropteraconservation issues
Over a half of the ? species of bats on our
planet are classified as threatened or near
threatened with extinction
34
Chiropteraconservation issues
Big factors involved in threats disturbance/los
s of roosting sites caves abandoned
mines trees
35
Chiropteraconservation issues
caves disturbance of hibernacula
36
Chiropteraconservation issues
abandoned mines safety concerns
37
Chiropteraconservation issues
Big factors involved in threats disturbance/los
s of watering sites natural springs/pools liv
estock tanks
38
Chiropteraconservation issues
Big factors involved in threats white nose
syndrome (fungus)
39
Chiropteraconservation issues
Big factors involved in threats wind turbines
migrating bats barotrauma tissue damage caused
by rapid air pressure changes
40
Chiropteraconservation issues
Big factors involved in threats pesticides
reduction of food base
41
Mammalogy - conclusion
25 mammal species at risk of extinction IUCN
Red List estimate