DAIRY FEEDS

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DAIRY FEEDS FEEDING

• THE FEED NUTRIENTS

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A. Water H2O

• 1. Water is the most abundant and most important
  constituent of all plant or animal tissues.
• 2. Green plant tissues are made up of 70 80
  water.
• a. Air dry feeds contain approximately 10-12
  water.
• b. Green feeds contain approximately 85 water.
• 3. Animal tissues are made up of 40 75 water.

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• 4. Farm animals will consume 3-8 times more
  water than dry matterand of course die quicker
  from loss of water than from loss of feed.

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5. Functions of water

• a. Transport
• 1) Transports slurries and semi-solid digesta in
  the Gastro Intestinal Track.
• 2) Nutrients in the blood of animals and in the
  fluid (sap) of plants.
• 3) Excretions of body waste (Urine Feces)
• b. Helps cells hold their shape.
• c. Used in many biochemical reactions in the
  body.
• 1) Mixes readily with most all compounds found
  in animal tissue.
• 2) Is involved in the reaction of taking complex
  compounds to simple compounds.

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• d. Regulates temperature
• 1) Stabilizes body temperature
• 2) A high degree of thermal conducting. (Holds
  and moves heat quickly.)
• e. Lubrication
• 1) In joints (Cushioning effect)
• 2) Central Nervous System
• 3) Reproductive Tract
• 4) Tears for the eyes.
• f. Sound
• 1) The base media for conducting sound in the
  middle ear.

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6. Location of water in the body

• a. Variesdepending on Sex, Age, Specie and
  Condition of the animal.
• b. Fat free adult bovine will contain
  approximately 71 73 water.

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• c. Tissues of the body that contain the bulk of
  the water
• 1) Cells (Intracellular Fluids) (40)
• a) Muscle
• b) Skin
• 2)Extracellular Fluids (33)
• a) Between cells
• b) Blood Plasma
• c) Brain Fluid
• 3) Gastro-Intestinal Urinary Tracts (27)
• a) Higher Water in the Rumen of Lactating Cows
• b) Higher Water in male animals than female
  animals due to greater muscle content.

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7. Water Turnover Rate

• a. Rate of which the body water in excreted is
  very high for ruminant animals.
• 1) Lactating cow about 1 week
• a) Example 1000 lb. Cow
• x 75 Water
• 750 lbs. Of water in the body
• 750 lbs./7days 107 lbs./day
• 107 lbs./8.4 lbs./gallon 12.7 gallons/day
• b) Amount of water a cow will consume
• 20 gallons/day x 8.4 lbs./gallon 168 lbs. Of
  water/day
• 168 lbs. X 7 days 1176 lbs. Per week

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• c)Turnover rate is affected by
• Environment Temperature Humidity
• Type of Feed Consumed
• Activity
• Lactating or Dry
• Salt intake

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8. Sources of Water Intake

• a. Drinking
• b. From Feed
• 1) Free Water water not chemically bound in
  the feed.
• 2) Metabolic Water water that is chemically
  bound and is released upon hydrolysis of chemical
  compounds.
• c. On Feed (Dew)

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9. Water Loss occurs from

• a. Kidney Excretion of Urine
• b. Excretion of Feces
• c. Lungs Breathing
• d. Skin (Sweat) Bos indicus do sweat
• Bos tarus do not sweat
• e. Mammary System (Milk Production)
• A cow producing 100 lbs. Of milk per day
  eliminates approximately 87 lbs. Of water in the
  milk.
• f. Reproduction

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10. How moisture content of feed affects
nutrition.

• a. A large high producing cow needs as much as
  55 lbs. Of dry matter each day.
• 1) 55 lbs. X .90 DM air dry feed 61 lbs. Of
  feeds.
• 2) 55 lbs. X .20 DM high moisture fed 275
  lbs. Of feeds
• b. Can a cow consume 275 lbs. Of feed each day?

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11. Conclusion

• a. Cows need clean, cool water
• b. Water of high quality low salt mineral
  concentration.
• c. Close proximity, readily available
• d. Unlimited source.

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THE END