General Overview Technologies for Carbon Management Project

1
General OverviewTechnologies for Carbon
Management Project Context of GHG Measurement
to UEF Societies

• December 7, 2009
• June Wispelwey
• Executive Director, AIChE

• Context for the project
• Importance of a systems perspective
• Future view

2
Drivers of Energy Policy

• Key drivers for future energy policy
• Increasing atmospheric concentration of carbon
  dioxide
• Energy security
• Establishing economic sustainable energy system
  that meets societal needs
• These drivers are not independent
• Must be considered as a whole system

3
The Historical Environment

• Energy is long-term problem with a historically
  short-term span of interest
• The capacity scale is large
• China is building 2 500 MW power plants/week
• Time constants are high
• CO2 accumulation
• New technology takes years to develop and decades
  to achieve significant penetration
• Infrastructure has a long life (time constant for
  U.S. energy infrastructure changes is over 50
  years)
• Advocates abound for all technologies
• Analyses of integrated systems have been limited

4
Description of the Problem

• Energy supplies will not meet demand
• Energy usage has environmental and societal
  impacts that have raised public alarm (e.g. GHG)
• Resulting global legislation and policy decisions
  are affecting all aspects of our economy and
  security
• Technology is seen as both the problem and the
  solution
• Selection of energy choices and development needs
  requires consideration of the sustainability
  criteria suite
• technical feasibility
• economics
• environment
• societal impacts

5
Demand for Energy

• Average world total energy consumption 16
  trillion Watts
• 25 of consumption by U.S.
• 80 dependent on dwindling fossil fuels
• Demand could triple by 2050
• 2 billion people dont have access to electricity
• 51 of sub-Saharan Africans

Courtesy Scott Fogler
6
Minimal Short-Term Impact of Renewables
Renewable
Source EIA
7
Greenhouse Gases Linked with Energy
Emissions growing, assuming same fossil and
non-fossil mix
Source EIA 2007
8
A Daily Reminder

• A real-time counter using economic indicators
  other data
• Validated and adjusted as updated gas
  measurements become available
• Omits the effects of natural cycles, i.e. El
  Niño, and of aerosols

Trillions of tons of CO2 equivalent
9
Targets for CO2 Management
Technologies still developing
Source Dale Keairns
AOE EIAs Annual Energy Outlook
10
The Technological Challenges
There is no single technological solution
Differences - regions
- resources - markets -
preferences - technologies - needs -
timing - infrastructures
Vehicles Efficiency, Biofuels. Hydrogen
Renewables
Efficiency in the buildings and in the industry
Bio-fuels
Advanced power networks
Gen 4 Nuclear
CO2 capture and storage
Investment is Lacking
10
11
Public Acceptance Does Not Correlate Availability
Difference between countries is small
12
The Boundaries Have Changed
And the challenge is coupled Energy,
environment, water, health, poverty, security,
13
What is the role of professional societies?

• Project concept 2007 Gathering
• Assessment
• Societies are active (e.g. joint meetings,
  policy statements, congressional briefings)
• Activities reflected society interests
• Limited focus on an integrated systems view
• Recognition of need to
• Provide greater technical understanding to inform
  policy
• Dialogue across our traditional borders
• Enable a larger voice through collaboration

14
Project Objectives

• To enhance the engagement of the engineering
  community through the following questions
• How to best manage and mitigate GHG emissions
  associated with the use of energy systems?
• What are the new and future technologies and the
  gaps and barriers to implementation?
• What are the metrics and system boundaries that
  should be used to monitor and manage progress
  towards emission targets (including technical and
  societal dimensions)?

15
Our Activities

• Society leadership exchange meetings
• Website established to share information
• Electric Power and Transportation selected for
  initial technology focus
• Assessment of technologies
• Scorecard
• Gaps and barriers workshop (October 21-22, 2009)

16
Activities (continued)

• Congressional briefing Advances in Geological
  CO2 Sequestration
• October 30, 2009
• Collaboration with the American Chemical Society
• GHG measurement workshop
  (December 6-8, 2009)
• Early adopters experience
• Host IPCC workshop
• Renewable energy sources and climate change
  mitigation
• February 2010

17
What Industry Thinks

• Dows CEO Andrew Liveris
• We all need to step forward with aggressive,
  transparent sustainability measures that lead the
  way. We must also deliver emission reductions at
  the lowest cost to society. This means higher
  priority on existing technologies with positive
  cost impacts such as energy efficiency. The new
  climate change framework will need to facilitate
  the necessary technology cooperation that can
  ensure these new investments are built with the
  best available low-carbon capabilities.

18
What Industry Thinks

• ACCs CEO Cal Dooley states that we must
• Develop a global carbon framework to accelerate
  GHG reductions, avoid market disruptions, and
  minimize carbon leakage
• Focus on the largest, most effective, and
  lowest-cost abatement opportunities
• Push for energy efficiency
• Support the development and implementation of new
  technologies
• Support the development of the most efficient and
  sustainable use of available feedstocks and
  energy
• Provide incentives for faster action by rewarding
  early movers that proactively reduce their
  carbon footprint
• Push for the most efficient and sustainable
  disposal, recovery and recycling options
• And enhance technology cooperation to support
  abatement in developing countries.

19
Future Activities

• Workshop follow-up actions
• Press releases
• Presentations and publications by respective
  societies
• Congressional briefings
• Biofuels Metrics
• Outreach exchange beyond our disciplines
• Workshops with selected NGOs
• GHGT program
• IEA Annex projects
• K-12 society initiatives
• Sustainability projects

And follow the needs of our members and society