Kingdom: Fungi

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Kingdom Fungi mushrooms and molds

• Evolved over 600 mya
• Mainly saprobes - break down carbon compounds
  from dead organic material and return C and other
  minerals back to nature.

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Kingdom Fungi mushrooms and molds

• Mainly saprobes - break down carbon compounds
  from dead organic material and return C and other
  minerals back to nature.
• Some mutualistic with plants and algae.
• Lichen
• Mycorrhiza

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Kingdom Fungi mushrooms and molds

• Mainly saprobes - break down carbon compounds
  from dead organic material and return C and other
  minerals back to nature.
• Some mutualistic with plants and algae.
• Some are parasitic.
• Pathogenic
• ringworm
• athletes foot
• Candida
• Corn smut

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Kingdom Fungi mushrooms and molds

• Mainly saprobes - break down carbon compounds
  from dead organic material and return C and other
  minerals back to nature.
• Some mutualistic with plants and algae.
• Some are parasitic.
• pathogenic
• Some are partial predators.
  

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Kingdom Fungi mushrooms and molds

• Evolved from a Protist ancestor gt600 mya
• 
  Fungi
• Protist Ancestor
• 
  Animals
• 
  Plants

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Characteristics of Fungi

• 1. Heterotrophic with absorptive nutrition.
• Mycelium - large mass of hyphae.
• Multinucleated SA/V

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Characteristics of Fungi

• 1. Heterotrophic with absorptive nutrition.
• 2. Cell walls of chitin - complex polysaccharide
  (N).
• 3. All Fungi produce spores. (Asexual)
• 4. Reproduce sexually in a variety of ways.
  (Fungi imperfecti are a diverse group of fungi
  are only known to reproduce asexually.)
• 5. Tolerance for highly hypertonic environments
  and extreme cold hot environments.

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Diversity in Fungi

• Deuteromycota Deuteromycetes - paraphyletic

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Phylum Chytridiomycota Chytrids

• 1. Aquatic (mostly fresh water or moist soil)
• 2. Either parasitic or saprobic.
• 3. Male and female gametangea (n) are produced at
  the tip of hyphae (2n) in sexual reproduction.
  Meiosis --gt haploid
• haploid gametes (n)
• female male both flagellated
• female produces pheromone

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Phylum Chytridiomycota Chytrids

• Haploid gametes (n)
• female male both flagellated
• female produces pheromone
• gametes fuse to produce zygote (2n)
• Mitosis gives rise to (2n) organism
• flagelated zoospores (2n) are produced
• - land on food source grow hyphae and produce
  gametangia

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Phylum Chytridiomycota Chytrids

• 1. Aquatic (mostly fresh water or moist soil)
• 2. Either parasitic or saprobic.
• 3. Male and female gametangea are produced at the
  tip of hyphae in sexual reproduction. Haploid
  .
• 4. Chytrids are the only Phylum of Fungi that
  have motile (flagellated) cells!
• 5. Do not have dikaryotic hyphae.

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Phylum Zygomycota

• 1. Have coenocytic hyphae (n) only. Release
  pheromones
• 2. No motile cells.
• 3. Zygote is the only true diploid cell.
  Zygospores (2n)

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Phylum Zygomycota

• 1. Most have coenocytic hyphae (n) no septa.
  Release pheromones.
• 2. No motile cells.
• 3. Zygote is the only true diploid cell.
  Mitosis----gt
• Zygospores (2n)
• 4. Zygospores--meiosis--gt Haploid stalked
  sporangium(n)--gt
• haploid (n) spores--gt no septate hyphae.
• black bread mold
• Rhizopus stolonifer
• most mycorrhiza

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Phylum Ascomycota

• 1. Many are unicellular and reproduce by
  budding - asexual (n) or
  (2n)
• (Bakers and Brewers yeast)
• 2. Some coenocytic with septa.
• Fusion of different (n) mating
• type cells--gt Dikaryon -?
• ascus -? zygote (2n)--gt
• --gt meiosis--gt
• ascospore (n) formation (sexual)

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Phylum Ascomycota

• 3. Conidia (n) form at tips of multnucleated
  hyphae (n) asexual --gt spores (n)
  Euascomycetes

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Phylum Ascomycota

• 4. Multinucleated forms may have dikaryon
  (heterkaryon) hyphae 1n 1n. Molds
• Neurospora pink mold
• Penicillium green mold
• chestnut blight Dutch Elm Disease
• truffles
• morels

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Phylum Ascomycota

• Euascomycetes multicellular forms
• Tightly woven mycelium

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Phylum Basidiomycota

• 1. Elaborate Fruiting structures. bracket fungi

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Phylum Basidiomycota

• 1. Elaborate Fruiting structures.
• 2. Most have septate hyphae (pores).

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Phylum Basidiomycota

• 1. Elaborate Fruiting structures.
• 2. All have septate hyphae (pores).
• 3. All have basidia - swollen cells at the tips
  of hyphae for sexual reproduction.
• 4. Have dikaryotic hyphae.

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Basidiomycota

• Agaricus Sp, Su, F Meadow Mushrooms

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Basidiomycota

• Calvatia, Lycoperdon Puffballs
• Sp, Su, F

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Basidiomycota

• Pleurotus Oyster Mushroom
• Sp, Su, F

• Hericium Beard Tooth Su, F

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Basidiomycota

• Coprinus Shaggy Manes
• Sp, Su, F

• Clavariaceae Coral Fungi Su, F

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Basidiomycota

• Cantharellus Chanterelles
• Su, F

• Boletes Su, F

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Basidiomycota

• Laetiporus Sulfur Shelf Su, F

• Grifola Hen of the Woods Su, F

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Basidiomycota

• Amanita Fly Agaric Su, F

• Amanita Destroying Angel Su, F

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Basidiomycota

• Amanita Yellow Fly Agaric Su,F

• Amanita

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Basidiomycota

• Galerina Little Browns Sp, Su,F

• Gyromitra False More Sp, Su
• MMH

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Basidiomycota

• Chlorophyllum Green-Spored Lepiota Sp, Su, F

• Omphalotus Jack -O-Lantern
• Sp, Su, F
• MMH

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Chanterelles
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Jack-O Lanterns
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Earth Stars
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Devils Urn
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Stinkhorns
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Shangy Manes, Inky Caps
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Birdd Nest Fungi
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Ear Fungi
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Jellies
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Turkeys Tail
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Ascomycota

• Scarcoscypha Scarlet Cup Fungi Sp, Su

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Ascomycota

• Sp

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Yellow Morel
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False Morel