Respect of Human Rights in International Cooperation

1
Respect of Human Rights in International
Cooperation
2
Development and why are we to?

• WWII and onwards Nuremberg, peace and stability,
  development, communications, all that leads to
  that HR have become a necessity
• Legitimacy as a requirement for state
  sovereignty.
• HR should be the basic demands for what a state
  has to offer its citizens
• Therefore we also demand that in mutual
  cooperation
• Trust and understanding is a prerequisite for
  easy cooperation among states in legal matters

3
If we all do agree to the importance of HR what
is then the problem

• We do not see ourselves as breaching the HR
• However we may be seen as breaching the HR
• And we may be puzzled by how they do in other
  countries
• HR can be invoked by the individual
• In other words
• Human Rights has to be respected
• And we have to put it clear that they are
  respected
• And realise that the individual may complain if
  not followed

4
If we all do agree . (2)

• Are we able to combat crimes in a proper way if
  we are always hindered by protection of the
  rights of the individuals?
• Or how do we strike a balance between a proper
  law enforcement and protection of Human Rights?
• Is there a need for the State as well to
  legitimize its own law enforcement?

5
Protection for all

• Art. 1 may has received a new interest in recent
  years for law enforcement agencies
• 1. pants - Pienakums ieverot cilvektiesibas
• Augstas Ligumsledzejas Puses nodroinas ikvienam,
  kas atrodas to jurisdikcija, is Konvencijas I
  sadala minetas tiesibas un brivibas.
• And please remember that this does also include
  the rights of the victims and the witnesses.

6
Fundamental Human Rights

• The right to life
• The prohibition on torture and other forms of
  cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment and
  punishment
• The prohibition on slavery and
• Freedom form ex post facto or retroactive
  criminal laws.
• THESE FOUR RIGHTS ARE NON DEROGABLE.
• BUT THERE IS THE REAL RISK TEST AS WELL

7
HR in Extradition

• Soering Case did it open more than old wine?
• Legality Principle and Double Criminality can
  the individual better rely on ECHR, Art. 7?
• 7. pants - Sodianas bez tiesas nepielaujamiba
• 1. Nevienu nedrikst atzit par vainigu nozieguma
  tadas darbibas vai bezdarbibas del, kas, saskana
  ar izdarianas bridi speka esoajiem valsts
  iekejiem tiesibu aktiem vai starptautiskajam
  tiesibam, nebija noziegums. Tapat nedrikst
  piespriest smagaku sodu neka tas, kas bija
  japiemero nozieguma izdarianas bridi.
• 2. is pants neaizliedz nodot tiesai un sodit
  jebkuru personu par jebkuru darbibu vai
  bezdarbibu, kas izdarianas bridi tika uzskatita
  par noziegumu saskana ar visparejiem civilizeto
  naciju atzitajiem tiesibu principiem.

8
Cruel and Unusual Treatment

• Previously mostly seen as protection against
  death penalty, torture and the political offence
  exception
• Today we do not use the political offence
  exception much but only the core of it Non
  discrimination But within Europe not much use of
  it.
• 3. pants - Spidzinaanas aizliegums
• Nevienu cilveku nedrikst spidzinat vai
  cietsirdigi vai pazemojoi ar vinu apieties vai
  sodit.
• In relation to conflict zones it may be
  important.
• Death Penalty?

9
Fair Trial Rights ECHR Art. 6.1

• 6. pants - Tiesibas uz lietas taisnigu
  izskatianu
• 1. Ikvienam ir tiesibas, nosakot civilo tiesibu
  un pienakumu vai vinam izvirzitas apsudzibas
  kriminallieta pamatotibu, uz taisnigu un atklatu
  lietas savlaicigu izskatianu neatkariga un
  objektiva ar likumu noteikta tiesa. Tiesas
  spriedumu jadara publiski zinamu, tacu preses un
  publikas klatbutne procesa var tikt pilniba vai
  daleji aizliegta tikumisku apsverumu,
  sabiedriskas kartibas vai valsts droibas
  intereses tada demokratiska sabiedriba, kur to
  prasa nepilngadigo intereses vai procesa
  dalibnieku privatas dzives aizsardziba, vai ari
  taja apmera, kuru tiesa uzskata par absoluti
  nepiecieamu ipaos apstaklos, kad atklatiba
  apdraudetu taisniguma intereses.

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ECHR Art 6.2 6.3

• 2. Ikviens, kas tiek apsudzets nozieguma, tiek
  uzskatits par nevainigu, kamer vina vaina netiek
  pieradita saskana ar likumu.
• 3. Ikvienam, kas tiek apsudzets nozieguma, ir
  sekojos tiesibu minimums
• a tikt nekavejoties informetam, vinam saprotama
  valoda un detalizeti, par vinam izvirzitas
  apsudzibas raksturu un iemeslu
• b uz attiecigu laiku un lidzekliem, lai
  sagatavotu savu aizstavibu
• c aizstavet sevi paam vai sanemt paa izveletu
  juridisku palidzibu, vai, ja trukst lidzeklu, lai
  segtu izdevumus par o juridisko palidzibu,
  sanemt to par velti, ja tas nepiecieams
  taisniguma intereses
• d uz apsudzibas liecinieku nopratinaanu vai
  nopratinat tos paam un pieprasit aizstavibas
  liecinieku klatbutni un nopratinaanu tajos paos
  apstaklos ka apsudzibas lieciniekus
• e uz bezmaksas tulka pakalpojumiem, ja vin
  nesaprot tiesa lietoto valodu vai neruna taja.

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Human Rights in mutual legal assistance?

• In principle the same question, but often we are
  able to control the situation
• Primary or secondary legal assistance?
• Presence of our own police officers or
  prosecutors during the assistance