Evolution and Biodiversity: Origins, Niches, and Adaptations

1
Evolution and Biodiversity Origins, Niches, and
Adaptations
G. Tyler Millers Living in the Environment 13th
Edition MATES Chapter 5
2
Key Concepts

• Origins of life

• Evolutionary processes

• Ecological niches

• Species formation

• Species extinction

3
Origins of Life

• Chemical evolution

• Biological evolution

Fig. 5-2 p. 96 Refer to Fig. 5-4 p. 98
4
Evolution and Adaptation

• Macroevolution

• Microevolution

• Gene pool

Refer to Spotlight p. 99

• Mutation

• Natural selection

• Gene flow

• Genetic drift

5
Natural Selection

• Differential reproduction

• Adaptive trait

• Directional selection

• Stabilizing selection

• Diversifying selection

Fig. 5-5 p. 101

• Coevolution

Refer to Fig. 5-6 p. 102
6
Ecological Niches and Adaptation

• Ecological niche

• Fundamental niche

• Habitat

• Realized niche

Fig. 5-7 p. 104
7
Broad and Narrow Niches

• Generalist species

• Specialist species

Refer to Spotlight p. 105
8
Speciation, Extinction, and Biodiversity

• Speciation

• Geographic isolation

• Reproductive isolation

9
Extinction

• Background extinction

• Mass extinction

• Adaptive radiation