Protein Chemistry

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Protein Chemistry
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What are proteins?

• Condensation polymers
• Made up of carboxylic acids and amines

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Amines
Amines can be thought of as ammonia (NH3) with
one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by alkyl
groups.
The simplest amines have one of the hydrogen
atoms replaced
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Amines can be recognised by the amino/amine (
-NH2 ) group
Amines can also be recognised by their fishy
smell
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Amides/Peptides
Amines can react with carboxylic acids in a
condensation reaction to form amides
amide
amine
carboxylic acid
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Proteins

• Are polypeptides
• Are made up of amino acids
• These have a carboxyl group at one end and an
  amino group at the other

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20 Amino acids
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Proteins

• Formed by amino acids joining together
• Condensation polymerisation
• -OH group from acid
• -H from amine

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Protein hydrolysis
Break-down on a molecule using water
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Types of protein

• 2 types
• Fibrous structural
• Globular life processes

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Fibrous Proteins
Structural materials e.g. skin, hair,
muscles Example here is collagen
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Globular proteins
Involved in regulation of life processes e.g.
enzymes, hormones Example here is haemoglobin
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Enzymes
Substrate
Products
Enzymes are biological catalysts Work using
lock-and-key mechanism Can be denatured by
changes in heat and temperature
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Graphs of optimum activity
Rate
Rate
pH
Temperature
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PPA 6 Enzyme activity

• Complete PPA 6

Tutorial Questions AH Revision Questions Chapter
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