CONQUEST OF THE WEST

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CONQUEST OF THE WEST
Chapter 16
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Societies of the Far West
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Native Americans
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Eastern Tribes
Some Eastern tribes had relocated west of
Mississippi River Cherokee and Creek
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Western Tribes

• Indians of the Pacific Coast Chumash, Chinook
• Indians of the Southwest Navajo, Comanche,
  Apache

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Plains Indian
various tribes divided into bands some
sedentary, most nomadic hunters
movement often based on migration of
buffalo finest light cavalry in the world
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Weakness
Never able to unite against white aggression.
Groups too independent Conflicts between tribes
distract from fighting whites one group may help
whites against another group
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Hispanic Communities
located in former possessions of Spain/Mexico
New Mexico, Texas, California As more whites
come Hispanics lose land and power
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Chinese Migration
Begins after 1848 by 1880 200,000 move to US
mostly California
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Some resent Chinese Immigrants
resent success of Chinese seen as rivals in
economy
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Transcontinental Railroad
over 12,000 work on RR 90 of Central Pacific
labor worked long hours for low pay
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After Railroad finished some hire as
laborers some work the land many go to cities
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By 1900 50 of Chinese population lives in cities
of California Chinatowns
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Nativism Returns
Chinese undercutting whites in wages and
hours Local laws appear Physical Attacks
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Chinese Exclusion Act
1882 Bans immigration for 10 years Bars
Chinese in country from becoming naturalized
citizens
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• Act renewed in 1892
• Made permanent in 1902

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Changing Western Economy
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Labor in the West Occasional labor
shortage work force stratified along racial lines
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Mining 1st economic boom of West Gold and/or
silver strikes Colorado 59 Nevada
59 Black Hills 74
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Ranching
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Cattle Drive
How to get cattle in Texas to markets in the East?
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From 1867 to 1871 1.5 million head of cattle are
brought to Abilene along the Chisholm Trail
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Frederic Remington
Myth of the Cowboy
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(No Transcript)
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Farming
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Joseph Glidden - 1874
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Closing the West
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Frederick Jackson Turner
The Frontier Thesis
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End of the American Indian
The End of the American Indians
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Concentration Policy
Desire of whites to get Indian land Each tribe
assigned a reservation Divided tribes-easy to
control
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Administration of Indian Reservations
officials often corrupt or ineffective
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Indian Wars
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Sand Creek Massacre
Arapaho Cheyenne under Black Kettle Flag of
truce 133 killed most women children
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George Armstrong Custer
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(No Transcript)
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Battle of the Little Big horn Custers Last
Stand June 25, 1876
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Nez Perce Chief Joseph 200 warriors350
wc attempt to go to Canada cover 1321 miles
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(No Transcript)
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Final resistance in Southwest Geronimo fights
from Mexico Surrenders in 1886 with 30
others Pursued by 10,000
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Ghost Dancers-vision of Whites leaving Wounded
Knee-Sioux 40 soldiers 200 Sioux killed 1890
last battle
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Dawes Act 1887 Gradual elimination of tribal
ownership of land Give land to
individuals Dont have full ownership for 25
years Those who take land get citizenship Send
kids to school
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Carlisle Indian Industrial School
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(No Transcript)
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Richard Henry Pratt Kill the Indian, save the man
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Jim Thorpe
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Commercial Farming
specialize in crops to be sold on National or
World markets cotton 70 exported Wheat 30-40
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Farmers Grievances Inequitable Freight
rates High interest rates Inadequate
Currency Price fixing