Lecture2'3: Ionic Bonding

1
Lecture-2.3 Ionic Bonding
2
Ionic Bonding

• Atoms bond with other atoms in order to get a
  FULL valence.
• Except for hydrogen atoms and helium atoms, a
  FULL valence is eight (8) electrons.
• A FULL valence for hydrogen and helium is two (2)
  electrons.
• A FULL valence is a stable state.

3
Ionic Bonding

• Recall...
• ionic bonding occurs between atoms of metallic
  and nonmetallic elements.
• Recall...
• all chemical bonding involves electrons!
• Ionic bonding occurs when metal atoms TRANSFER
  one or more electrons to non- metal atoms forming
  positive and negative ions with FULL valences.

4
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.1) The type of bonding between atoms of
  sodium and chlorine is ionic bonding because
  ___________________________
• _____________.
• Ex.2) Sodium has ___ protons and its electron
• configuration is__________.
• Ex.3) Chlorine has ___ protons and its electron
• configuration is __________.
• NOTICE Neither element has a full valence.

sodium is a metal and chlorine
is a nonmetal
11
2 8 1
17
2 8 7
5
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.4) Draw the FULL Bohr models for neutral
  atoms of sodium and chlorine.
• NOTICE Neither atom has a full valence.

e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
11p
e1-
e1-
e1-
17p
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
sodium atom
chlorine atom
6
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.5) Draw the FULL Bohr models for the ions of
  sodium and chlorine after electron transfer.

7
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.5) Draw the FULL Bohr models for the ions of
  sodium and chlorine after electron transfer.
• NOTICE Both ions now have a full valence.

e1-
1
1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
11p
e1-
e1-
e1-
17p
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
sodium atom
chlorine atom
sodium ion
chloride ion
8
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.5) Draw the FULL Bohr models for the ions of
  sodium and chlorine after electron transfer.
• Opposite charges attracting is the ionic bond.

9
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.6) The type of bonding between atoms of
  calcium and oxygen is ionic bonding because
  ___________________________
• _____________.
• Ex.7) Calcium has ___ protons and its electron
• configuration is____________.
• Ex.8) Oxygen has ___ protons and its electron
• configuration is _______.
• NOTICE Neither element has a full valence.

calcium is a metal and oxygen
is a nonmetal
20
2 8 8 2
8
2 6
10
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.9) Draw the FULL Bohr models for neutral
  atoms of calcium and oxygen.
• NOTICE Neither atom has a full valence.

e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
20p
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
8p
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
calcium atom
oxygen atom
11
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.10) Draw the FULL Bohr models for the ions of
  calcium and oxygen after electron transfer.

12
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.10) Draw the FULL Bohr models for the ions of
  calcium and oxygen after electron transfer.
• NOTICE Both ions now have a full valence.

e1-
2
e1-
e1-
2-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
20p
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
8p
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
calcium atom
oxygen atom
calcium ion
oxide ion
13
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.10) Draw the FULL Bohr models for the ions of
  calcium and oxygen after electron transfer.
• Opposite charges attracting is the ionic bond.

14
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.11) The type of bonding between atoms of
  lithium and sulfur is ionic bonding because
  _________________________
• _____________.
• Ex.12) Lithium has ___ protons and its electron
• configuration is_____.
• Ex.13) Sulfur has ___ protons and its electron
• configuration is ________.
• NOTICE Neither element has a full valence.

lithium is a metal and sulfur
is a nonmetal
3
2 1
16
2 8 6
15
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.14) Draw the FULL Bohr models for neutral
  atoms of lithium and sulfur.
• NOTICE Neither atom has a full valence.

e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
3p
e1-
e1-
16p
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
lithium atom
sulfur atom
16
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.15) Draw the FULL Bohr models for the ions of
  lithium and sulfur after electron transfer.
• NOTICE Sulfurs valence is NOT full yet!

1
1
3p
e1-
e1-
e1-
lithium atom
sulfur atom
lithium ion
sulfur ion
17
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.15) Draw the FULL Bohr models for the ions of
  lithium and sulfur after electron transfer.
• How can lithium and sulfur bond?
• Sulfur doesnt have a FULL valence yet.

18
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.15) Draw the FULL Bohr models for the ions of
  lithium and sulfur after electron transfer.
• How about another lithium atom.

19
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.15) Draw the FULL Bohr models for the ions of
  lithium and sulfur after electron transfer.
• Now lithium and sulfur have FULL valences.

1
2
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
1
e1-
e1-
e1-
3p
e1-
e1-
16p
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
e1-
sulfur ion
lithium atom
lithium ion
20
Ionic Bonding

• To make an ionic bond, the metal MUST lose all
  its valence electrons and the nonmetal MUST gain
  as many electrons as needed in order to complete
  its valence.
• Using just the electron configurations, it is
  obvious that when lithium and sulfur bond, two
  lithium atoms bond to one sulfur atom.

Li 2
1
7
6
S 2 8
8
1
Li 2
21
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.16) Using electron configurations, predict
  the formula of the compound that is made
  when aluminum and oxygen bond.

Al 2 8
3
will lose 3 electrons
O 2
6
will gain 2 electrons
Do not copy down the following.
22
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.16) Using electron configurations, predict
  the formula of the compound that is made
  when aluminum and oxygen bond.

Al 2 8
3
1
O 2
6
8
O 2
6
23
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.16) Using electron configurations, predict
  the formula of the compound that is made
  when aluminum and oxygen bond.

1
Al 2 8
8
O 2
O 2
6
7
24
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.16) Using electron configurations, predict
  the formula of the compound that is made
  when aluminum and oxygen bond.

Al 2 8
8
O 2
O 2
7
8
Al 2 8
3
2
25
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.16) Using electron configurations, predict
  the formula of the compound that is made
  when aluminum and oxygen bond.

Al 2 8
8
O 2
8
O 2
2
Al 2 8
8
6
O 2
Al2O3
26
Ionic Bonding

• Ex.16) Using electron configurations, predict
  the formula of the compound that is made
  when aluminum and oxygen bond.

Al 2 8
3
will lose 3 electrons
O 2
6
will gain 2 electrons
Al2O3