Age of Exploration

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Age of Exploration

• Review Game!!

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• Why did the French, English and Dutch establish
  colonies in North America? 
• List 2 reasons

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• Protestant Reformation Religious split in
  Europe pushing many out to find religious
  freedom from dominant Catholic Church.
• Desire for wealth and resources
• To find a Northwest Passage.

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• What were the Crusades and why did they cause
  Europe to want to explore Asia?

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• European Christians feared losing access to the
  Holy Land the birth place of Christianity.
• Palestine was also sacred to the Muslims since
  Muhammad, their prophet, had also lived there.
• In 1095 the Europeans launched the first of nine
  expeditions, known as the Crusades, to regain
  control of the Holy Land from the Ottoman Turks.
• New rulers of England, France, Portugal and Spain
  knew they could make huge profits by trading
  with China and other lands in Asia.

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• Who is Martin Luther? What did he believe?

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• A German priest who in 1517 nailed a list of
  complaints about the Catholic Church on a local
  church door.
• Rejected many church practices and believed that
  faith rather than good deeds was the way to
  salvation.
• Luthers protests were the start of the religious
  and historical movement the Protestant
  Reformation.

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• Why did the Vikings raid, steal, kill and pillage
  from neighboring villages?

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• Scandinavia very cold much of the year, and
  because it is so mountainous not enough
  farmland.
• By late 700 A.D. Scandinavia had such a large
  population that there wasnt enough farmland to
  support everyone living there.
• Many as a result, were barely able to live.
• These conditions mentioned previously made some
  Vikings fierce warriors.
• They used their fine ships to raid and pillage
  communities that lay along the coast.

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• Using reports of explorers and information from
  Arab geographers, European cartographers were
  able to create accurate land and sea maps.
• What were some of these new instruments?
• What did they do? List 3.

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• Magnetic Compass determined direction when far
  from land.
• Astrolabe measured position of the stars
  (determined latitude)
• Caravel sailed faster than earlier ships and
  carried more cargo and food supplies - floated in
  shallow water.

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• This system of rule by lords who owe loyalty to a
  king is called ____________________.

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• Feudalism

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• What are some of the push and pull factors
  causing individuals to migrate from one place to
  another? Name at least 3.

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• Need for Food
• Religious Beliefs/Persecution
• Desire for Conquest/Expansion
• Establish Trade Routes
• Hunger for Gold

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• I set up a center for exploration or school of
  navigation where astronomers, geographers and
  mathematicians shared their knowledge with
  Portuguese sailors and shipbuilders.
• It would help inspire individuals in Portugal to
  go out and explore for a sea route to the east.

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• Henry the Navigator

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• Why did Queen Isabella finally decide to fund
  Christopher Columbus voyage?

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• Columbus promised to bring Christianity to the
  lands he found.
• If he found a way to Asia he bring wealth to
  Spain and trade would open up.

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• Who was Leif Eriksson and why was he in pursuit
  of new land?

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• Western Greenland starting to become
  overcrowed.
• Greenland was a land without trees. Leif was in
  pursuit of lumber to build the Viking ships.
• Leif got wind of a juicy rumor Bjarni
  Herjulfson who had made a mistake while sailing
  to Greenland, passed it, but found another
  country with beautiful and heavy forests (North
  America). He never pulled ashore.
• This intrigued Leif.

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• In 1502 I sailed along South Americas coast.
• I concluded that South America was a continent,
  not part of Asia.
• Who Am I?

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• Amerigo Vespucci

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• What is a conquistador?
• Give an example of one.

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• A Spanish conqueror
• Hernan Cortes, Francisco Pizarro etc.

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• The 1492 encounter between Native Americans and
  Europeans started an exchange of goods and ideas
  that transformed peoples lives around the globe.
• This transfer of goods and ideas is known as the
  _______________________.

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• Columbian Exchange

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• Why did Spain and Portugal want to find a sea
  route to Asia?

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• Both countries wanted to get in on trading in
  Asia and Africa.
• They wanted to bypass (avoid) Arab Italian
  merchants.

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• During this period European citizens wanted to
  improve their knowledge of past civilizations in
  order to understand their trading partners.
• Europeans started to use reason and science to
  create new technologies that would enable them to
  explore Asia.
• This rebirth of knowledge was known as the
  ____________________.

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• Renaissance

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• Religious settlements run by Catholic priests and
  friars.

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• Missions

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• How did the land in the new world compare to that
  of Greenland?

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• Leif first settled in Helluland, then Markland
  and finally Vinland which not only had thick
  forests, but it also had an abundance of grapes,
  salmon and fertile grazing ground.
• Greenland had No trees almost completely covered
  by glaciers.
• Farming possible in western part of Greenland.

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• Why was the Catholic Church the single most
  powerful organization of Western Europe during
  Feudalism?
• List 3 reasons.

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• The Role of Faith
• Power and Wealth
• Learning
• In time, Church teachings would lead Europeans to
  look beyond their manors
• Launched Crusades

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• Why were the Spanish able to defeat the natives?
  (Aztecs Inca)
• List 3.

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• Spanish arrived with weapons guns and cannons.
• Spanish rode horses and had huge, ferocious dogs.
• To the natives, the Spanish seemed like gods.
• Some Aztecs in the region turned against the
  Aztec overlords and assisted the conquistadors.
• Disease With no immunity, their resistance to
  their invaders was weakened

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• After he died in the Philippine Islands, his crew
  continued west arriving in Spain in 1522.
• They became the first known people to
  circumnavigate the world.
• Who was this world famous explorer?

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• Ferdinand Magellan

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• In 1609 I discovered the river that now bears my
  name.
• Im really English but the Dutch hired me to
  explore the Americas and find a Northwest Passage.

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• Henry Hudson

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• The French saw North America as an opportunity to
  make profits from ____________ and ___________
  rather than as a place to settle.

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• Fishing
• Fur Trading

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• The economic theory that proves that
  Nation-states in Europe compete for power based
  on wealth.

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• Mercantilism

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• I explored the southernmost part of Africa and
  from there I was supposed to sail northeast into
  the Indian Ocean.
• Around the southern tip of Africa (Cape of Good
  Hope) I ran into a storm and was forced to turn
  back to Portugal.

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• Bartholomeu Dias

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• Who was Erik the Red?

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• Banished from Iceland for violence.
• Founder of Greenland
• Tricked individuals into migrating there by
  claiming that there was plenty of opportunity for
  farming and agriculture.

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• In 1497 this individual set out to India with
  four ships.
• His ships made a huge semicircular sweep through
  the Atlantic Ocean and rounded Cape of Good Hope
  safely.
• He reached India in May 1498.

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• Vasco da Gama

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• In 1521 ______________ defeated the powerful
  Aztec civilization.

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• Hernan Cortes

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• True or False
• The voyage to Asia around the southern tip of
  either Africa or South America was long and
  dangerous so countries such as France, England
  and the Netherlands tried to find a more direct
  route through North America a Northwest Passage.

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• True