Blood Transfusion

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Blood Transfusion

• Jayson T. Valerio RN, MSN

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Blood Transfusion

• - refers to the introduction of whole blood or
  blood component directly into a clients
  circulatory system.

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Purposes of Blood Product Administration

• To restore circulating blood volume
• To restore coagulation factor deficiencies
• To improve oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
• To increase white blood cells to decrease the
  chance of infection

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Blood Components

• Whole blood
• Packed red blood cells (RBCs)
• White blood cells (WBCs)
• Platelets
• Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
• Albumin
• Cryoprecipitate

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Whole Blood

• contains all blood components
• a unit is approximately 500 ml
• Packed RBCs
• contains concentration of RBCs
• a unit is approximately 250 ml
• very useful in the treatment of chronic anemia
• fluid overload and electrolyte imbalance is not
  common

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White Blood Cells

• also called granulocytes
• frequently being given to clients with cancer
• Platelets
• contains platelets concentrates and
  platelet-rich plasma
• common indication is thrombocytopenia

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Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

• to provide clotting factors who are bleeding or
  about to undergo invasive procedure
• Albumin
• is a plasma protein contained within a plasma
• to restore intravascular volume and maintain
  cardiac output in clients with hypoproteinemia

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Cryoprecipitate

• is a plasma protein rich in fibrinogen and blood
  clotting factor VIII
• can be available in a commercially prepared
  concentrates

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Blood Typing Compatibility

• Blood typing refers to testing the clients
  blood type
• Cross matching is the process of ensuring that
  the clients blood type is compatible with the
  donor blood

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SAFETY ALERT!!!

• Remember that, except in life-threatening
  circumstances, compatibility or cross-match
  testing is required on all RBCs transfusions to
  ensure that donor blood is compatible with the
  clients blood.
• Compatibility testing is NOT required before
  giving platelets, FFP or cryoprecipitate.

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Getting Started

• Check to see if the client has an order from
  physician
• Check to see if the client has consent
• Client must have an IV of normal saline
• Prior to transfusion assess and record vital
  signs and other signs and symptoms like
  dizziness, itching, rash, dyspnea, fever and
  chills

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Obtaining the Blood Product

• Bring the clients addressograph card to obtain
  the unit of blood or blood component from the
  blood bank technologist
• The technologist will check the blood bag label
  against the the addressograph card with you.
  (This check must include the clients name,
  hospital number, blood group, donor blood group,
  unit number and blood bank ID number)
• Inspect the blood for abnormal color or gas
  bubbles.

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Recipient/Donor Identification(with a RN at the
clients bedside)

• Ask client to identify self by full name if
  possible.
• Recheck and compare the issue/transfuse card.
  Blood component label. The clients hospital ID
  and blood bank ID banks for the following
• - clients name, hospital number, clients blood
  group, donors blood group, unit number and blood
  bank ID number
• All information must correspond.

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Administering the blood

• See handout
• procedure for administration
• documentation
• discontinuation

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Transfusion Reactions
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Transfusion Reactions
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Transfusion Reactions
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Transfusion Reactions