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The NuclearRenaissance A Resurgence of Nuclear
Energy
Jim Reinsch President, Bechtel Nuclear
Power Board of Directors, Nuclear Energy
Institute President-Elect, American Nuclear
Society
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Acknowlegements
Steve L. Stamm, P.E. Nuclear Business
Manager Stone Webster Power Division
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Outline

• ANS representation
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Shaw Stone Webster
• Framatome ANP
• Seabrook Station
• University of Massachusetts, Lowell
• Resurgence of Nuclear Energy
• Role of American Nuclear Society

4
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

• Ranked 5th by U.S. News and World Report
• 10,000 students
• 900 faculty
• 32 majors
• 5 schools
• Milestones
• Penicillin
• Vitamin A

5
Shaw Stone Webster

• Shaw Group formed in 1987
• One of Fortune's Top 500 companies
• Stone Webster foundedin 1889
• 18,000 employees
• Provides multi-services
• Engineering
• Design
• Construction
• Maintenance

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Seabrook Station

• Majority owner Florida Power and Light (FPL)
• C.O. August 1990
• 1,161 MW
• Largest reactor in New England
• Provides about 7 of regions electricity

7
University of Massachusetts, Lowell

• Founded in 1894
• Member of the University of Massachusetts
  system, 1991
• 12,000 students
• 300 million in annual research
• One of the 50 best universities in the world by
  Times of London

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Framatome ANP

• Jointly-owned subsidiary with AREVA and Siemens
• World leader in
• Engineering design and construction of nuclear
  power plants and research reactors
• Modernization, maintenance and repair services
• Component manufacturing
• Supply of nuclear fuel
• Manufacturing facilities in over 40 countries

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Resurgence of Nuclear Energy
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Worldwide Perspective
NASA
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World View

• Global electricity demand to increase 50 by 2025
• 1.6/yr for industrial world
• 3.6/yr for developing world

Demand
Trillion kWh
1850 1950 1990 2000 2050 2100
Year
12
Environment
13
Environment
4 x CO2 of Existing Levels
2 x CO2 of Existing Levels
EPRI
2100
2030
14
Nuclear Drivers

• Why Nuclear
• Safe
• Proven performance
• Affordable
• Energy security/energy independence
• Emission free
• Abundant fuel and stable prices

15
World View

• World nuclear generation sets record in 2004
• 383,629 MW
• 2,696 MMWh
• 3.7 increase
• Led by
• Record setting performance
• U.S.
• Sweden
• Restart of units in
• Japan
• Canada
• Commissioning of new units
• South Korea
• Ukraine

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World View

• 440 nuclear power plants
• 16 of worlds electricity
• Displaces 2 billion metric tons of CO2

17
The Renaissance Begins
5 Other
8 Korea
30 Projects Underway in
2004
3 Russia
3 China
8 Europe
3 Japan
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NuclearOverview Pacific Basin
19
Pacific Basin

• Asia fastest growing market
• East and South Asia
• 100 plants in operation
• 20 under construction
• 40 to 60 planned
• Represents 36 of the worlds new capacity growth

20
Pacific Basin

• Greatest growth
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• India

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China Perspective
22
Quick Facts

• Worlds largest population
• China 1.3 billion
• U.S. 0.3 billion
• Second largest energy consumer
• U.S. 25 of world total
• China 10 of world total

23
Quick Facts

• 2003
• 10 increase in generation capacity
• 17 increase in demand
• 15,000 MW shortage
• 2004
• 9 increase in generation capacity
• 16 increase in demand
• 30,000 MW shortage

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Energy Portfolio
2 Nuclear
Total ElectricalGeneration
Hydro
Coal
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Chinas Plan
?
Harbin

WaFangDian 6x1000MW PWR
?
Beijing
HaiYang 6x1000MW PWR
TianWan 6x1000MW VVER
Qinshan I 1x300MW PWR
Qinshan II 2x600MW PWR

?
Chengdu ?

Qinshan III 2x665MW HWR
Shanghai

Qinshan IV 2x1000MW PWR
Sanmen 6x1000MW PWR

Fuzhou ?

HuiAn 6x1000MW PWR
?
Shenzhen
?
Daya Bay 2x944MW PWR

LingAo 2x950MW PWR
Hong Kong
LingDong 2x1000MW PWR
YangJiang 6x1000MW PWR
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Near-Term Plan

• PWR technology selected
• National Nuclear Steering Committee formed
• National Development and Reforming Commission
  (NDRC) has significant role

27
Path Forward

• Nuclear power to be expanded
• 6,600 MW to 40,000 MW by 2020
• Near-term construction
• 4 replication units
• 4 Generation III units
• 2 at Sanmen
• 2 at Yangjiang

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Current Invitation to Bid (ITB)
Heilongjiang
Sea of Japan
RUSSIA
JAPAN
Jilin
Liaoning
NORTH KOREA
Beijing
MONGOLIA
SOUTH KOREA
Yellow Sea
Hebei
Shandong
Inner Mongolia
Shanxi
Jiangsu
Sanmen Nuclear Plant
Xinjiang
Shanghai
Shaanxi
Henan
Anhui
Gansu
China
Zhejiang
Hubei
Qinghai
Jiangxi
Fujian
Sichuan
Hunan
Taiwan
Tibet
Guangdong
Yangjiang Nuclear Plant
Guizhou
Hong Kong
Guangxi
Yunnan
BHUTAN
NEPAL
VIETNAM
South China Sea
Hainan
BURMA
INDIA
LAOS
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Status of ITB

• ITB issued September 28, 2004
• PWR technology
• Westinghouse
• AREVA
• Atomstroyexport
• Construction award December 2005

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Westinghouse AP 1000

• Passive safety systems permit simplification and
  improve safety
• Modularization reduces construction to 36 months
• NRC design certification provides regulatory
  certainty
• AP 600 December 1999
• AP 1000 August 2005

Westinghouse
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AREVA/Framatome ANP EPR

• Four loop RCS design
• Four train safety systems
• In-containment borated water storage
• RCS depressurization system
• Separate buildings for safety trains
• Advanced cockpit control room
• 48 months from first concrete to CO

32
Atomstroyexport (Russian)VVER-1000

• Evolutionary design incorporating safety
  improvements
• Standardization based on components that
  performed well on earlier plants (VVER-440)
• Four loop RCS design
• Horizontal steam generators
• Redesigned fuel assemblies

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World Reactor Technologies
Gen III
Gen IV
Todays Designs
Future Designs
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Future Designs

• Generation IV advanced nuclear reactors (ARS)
• Six candidates
• Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR)
• Gas-cooled Fast Reactor (GFR)
• Lead-cooled Fast Reactor (LFR)
• Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR)
• Molten Salt Reactor (MSR)
• Supercritical Water-cooled Reactor (SCWR)

December 2002
http//nuclear.gov/nerac/FinalRoadmapforNERACRevi
ew.pdf
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Future Designs Generation IV - ARS

• Technology
• Top priority â Next Generation Nuclear Plant
• High temperature
• Passive safety
• Improved economics
• Demonstrates hydrogen production
• High efficiency direct-cycle electricity
  production
• Nonproliferation
• Technology suppliers
• PBMR (Pty) Ltd. â Pebble Bed (PBMR)
• AREVA/Framatome ANP â ANTARES
• General Atomics â GT-MHR

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Future Designs Next Generation Nuclear Plant
(NGNP)

• PBMR (Pty) Ltd. Pebble Bed Modular Reactor
• High temperature (900 C) helium-cooled reactor
• TRISO-coated particle fuel in spherical fuel
  elements
• On-line refueling
• Direct cycle gas turbine
• Inherent passive safety design

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Future Designs NGNP

• AREVA/Framatome ANP ANTARES design
• Prismatic core
• Low cost
• Maximum core design flexibility
• Minimum core design uncertainty
• Indirect cycle
• Simplified design
• Innovative CCGT-based power generation system
• Developed with MHI and confirmed by EdF
• Maximizes use of existing technology
• Combined Brayton and Rankine cycles give high
  efficiency
• Readily adaptable to H 2 production

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Future Designs NGNP

• General Atomics Gas Turbine Modular
  HeliumReactor (GT-MHR)
• Helium cooled reactor
• Nonradioactive
• High heat capacity
• Gas turbine
• Brayton cycle vs. steam cycle
• High efficiency 50
• Modern gas turbine technology
• Ceramic fuel particles
• High temperature capability gt 1600 C
• Stable graphite core/moderator
• High fuel burnup capability
• High proliferation resistance

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Todays Design Generation III

• Advanced Light Water Reactors (ALWRs)
• Simplified design
• Passive systems to enhance safety and reduce
  cost
• Standardized designs based on modularization
  producing shorter construction schedules
• Enhanced resistance to proliferation

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Todays Design Generation III ALWR

• General Electric â ESBWR
• â ABWR
• BNFL/Westinghouse â AP 1000
• Atomic Energy Canada Limited â ACR-700
• (AECL)
• AREVA/ â EPR
• Framatome â SWR 1000

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Todays Design Generation III ALWR

• General Electric ESBWR
• Simplified the design
• Less equipment and buildings
• Shorter construction times
• Reduced operation and maintenance costs
• Improved plant performance and safety
• Gives operational flexibility
• Easier to get regulatory approval
• Designed to U.S. and European requirements

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Todays Design Generation III ALWR

• Westinghouse AP 1000
• Passive safety systems permit simplification and
  improve safety
• Modularization reduces construction to 36 months
• NRC design certification provides regulatory
  certainty
• AP 600 December 1999
• AP 1000 August 2005

Westinghouse
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Todays Design Generation III ALWR

• Atomic Energy Canada Limited (AECL) ACR-700
• Evolution of CANDU 6 design (Qinshan)
• Safe, economical design
• 40 months from first concrete to fuel load for
  1st unit
• Currently in NRC pre-application review

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Todays Design Generation III ALWR

• AREVA/Framatome ANP EPR
• Four loop RCS design
• Four train safety systems
• In-containment borated water storage
• RCS depressurization system
• Separate buildings for safety trains
• Advanced cockpit control room
• 48 months from first concrete to CO

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Todays Design Generation III ALWR

• AREVA/Framatome ANP SWR 1000
• Improved safety margin
• Improved availability
• Uses existing technology
• Reduced construction time
• 60-year service life
• European utility involvement

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United States Perspective
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U.S. Nuclear Energy

• Quick facts
• 103 nuclear plants
• 20 of the nations electricity

• Displaces 680 million metric tons of CO2
• Equivalent to 131 million
• passenger cars

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U.S. Nuclear Drivers

• Safe
• Proven nuclear plant performance
• Cost effective
• Affordable
• Energy security/energy independence
• Provides base load generation/grid stability
• Emission free

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Proven Performance
90.7
Source Energy Information Administration/Nuclear
Regulatory Commission
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Affordable ( per MWh)
Source University of Chicago
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Cost Effective(in constant cents/kWh)
Source Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
/EUCG
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Evidence of U.S. Nuclear Revival

• Energy Policy Act
• Supports nuclear energy as a major component of
  national energy policy
• Supports
• Uprates/license renewals
• Licensing of new plants
• Nuclear Power 2010 program
• Deploys at least one new advanced nuclear plant
  by 2010
• Three utility-led consortiums formed to develop
  COL applications for new U.S. reactors

Congress
DOE
Utilities
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Evidence of U.S. Nuclear Revival
Increasing Public Support
Important for our energy
future 80
Keep the option to build
nuclear plants 71
Definitely build nuclear
plants in future 60
Accept new reactors at nearest
plant 62
Favor use of nuclear
energy 67
Source Bisconti Research Inc.
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Evidence of U.S. Nuclear Revival License
Renewals
32 Not Announced
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Evidence of U.S. Nuclear Revival

• Browns Ferry 1 restart
• Tennessee Valley Authority
• 1,280 MWe
• Applied for 20-year license renewal
• Ahead of schedule
• Under budget

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Evidence of U.S. Nuclear Revival

• Utility consortiums formed in response to DOEs
  NP-2010 solicitation
• NuStart Energy Development, LLC
• Dominion-led
• TVA-led

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New U.S. Licensing Process

• Early site approval

1
3
2

• Design certification

• Combined license forconstruction and operation
  (COL)

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Early Site Permits
1

• Site approval obtained before company decides to
  build
• Company banks site up to 20 years
• Decision made, design chosen later
• Greater certainty in moving forward

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Design Certification
2

• Advance NRC approval for design
• Lengthy delays avoided before site preparation,
  construction
• Four designs approved to date

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Combined Construction and Operating License
3

• One license for operating/ building plant
• Early focus of public comment
• Greater regulatory certainty

61
Old Licensing Process
15 years
Construction Permit Application
Operating License Application
Construction
Operating License Issued
Operations
62
New Licensing Process
7 years
Early Site Permit
Construction Acceptance Criteria
Construction
Operation
Combined License
Design Certification
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What Needs To Be Done
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What Needs To Be Done New Nuclear Plants

• Finalize a competitive approved design
• Ensure designs met new capacity needs

Proven Technology

• Create advantageous business conditions
• Acceptable financials return
• Financial incentives

Financials

• Resolve uncertainties in licensing and
  regulations

Regulatory Certainty
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What Needs To Be Done New Nuclear Plants

• Completion of Yucca Mountain
• Long-term solution

Spent Fuel Management

• Re-establishment of the nuclear infrastructure
• Utilities
• Vendors
• Labor

• Universities
• Government
• Investors

Infrastructure

• Renew public confidence
• Need to maintain high-performance standards
• Need national energy policy

Public and Bipartisan Support
66

• Role of AmericanNuclear Society

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Role of American Nuclear Society

• Provides professional home for pioneers leading
  the industry
• Promotes members contributions in the expansion
  of nuclear technology

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Role of American Nuclear Society

• Provides forum to develop and apply technology
  to benefit all humanity
• Serves as credible voice for exchange of nuclear
  information

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Role of American Nuclear Society

• Through ANS professional divisions
• Members demonstrate the peaceful power of the
  atom
• Members push the science forward at topical
  meetings and workshops
• Through ANS public policy and federal affairs
• Members assist
• Government in developing sound policies
• Renewal of public confidence

70
Tomorrows Vision Coming into Focus
40 nuclear plants
EBR-1Reactor
U.S.S. Nautilus

• New Build Consortiums
• NuStart
• TVA
• Dominion

Periodic table
Gen III
Space
Medical Isotopes
Pioneer 10
Gen IV
NP 2010 Initiative
X-rays
Cathode rays
Medical
The Faces of Tomorrow
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• Questions
• Answers

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The NuclearRenaissance A Resurgence of Nuclear
Energy
Jim Reinsch President, Bechtel Nuclear
Power Board of Directors, Nuclear Energy
Institute President-Elect, American Nuclear
Society
6987-2/05-Michigan-72