Dakota Goldinger,

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Dakota Goldinger, Shannon Harrison, Emily
Rogalsky, and Josh Kohut
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The Urbanized Mid-Atlantic Bight Ecosystem

• Experiences Some of the Largest
• Temperature Differences in the World
• Summer to Winter
• Top to Bottom
• Most Urbanized U.S. Coast

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The Mid-Atlantic Bight
Needs Understanding Monitoring
Forecasting
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Rutgers University - Coastal Ocean Observation
Lab Our Ship on Campus
3-D Nowcasts Forecasts
L-Band X-Band Satellite Receivers
CODAR Network
Glider Fleet
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Seeing the Ocean in Color - Fisheries
L-Band (installed 1992)
X-Band (installed 2003)
Regional
IRS-P4 OCM Chlorophyll India
Local
Global
FY1-D ch7ch9 China
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Water Mass Classification w/ satellite data
genetic algorithms (M. Oliver)
488nm (blueness)
SST
551nm (Chl)


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5 MHz
CODAR System Antennas
Receive Antenna
Transmit Antenna
25 MHz and 13 MHz
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What is an AUV/glider?

• Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
• Remotely controlled through satellites
• Connection available when glider is at the
  surface
• Sampling devices
• CTD (standard)
• Optics
• Chlorophyll
• Turbidity
• Light penetration

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Antenna (Iridium, Freewave, GPS Argos)
Science Payload Bay
Control Board
Buoyancy Pump
Air Bladder
Fin
Altimeter
CTD
Fore Hull
Cowling
Aft Hull
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How they work

• Buoyancy Driven
• Buoyancy Pump
• Air Bladder

• Battery Powered
• Normally Alkaline Batteries
• Long Duration Lithium Batteries

Buoyancy Pump
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How gliders fly
When surfacing to connect glider inflates air
bladder
Buoyancy pump in ? the glider pulls in 0.5 L of
water
Glider begins to dive downward
one dive and one climb is called a yo
Push pump out? glider inflects and begins to
climb to the surface
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Slocum Electric Glider Communication
Iridium Antenna
ARGOS and FreeWave Antennas

• Communication when on a mission
• Satellite Iridium phone
• Send new missions and waypoints
• Receive data files from glider
• Currents, Roll, Pitch, Heading, etc.
• GPS

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Rutgers Slocum Glider Fleet

• Over 165 deployments worldwide (2003 present)

gt 55,562 km flown (Earths circ. 40,000 km) gt
1,373 days in water 350,000 profiles
Liverpool Bay Coastal Observatory
Mediterranean Sea
Perth, Australia
West Florida Shelf
Mid-Atlantic Shelf
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Monitoring our Changing Planet
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Ship Sampling Challenges in the Southern Ocean
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Gliders in Antarctica 2007-Present
400 km
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The Adelie penguins feed during the daylight
hours and are visual feeders and need to get back
to the rookeries by nightfall, limits the
foraging area to around 50 kilometers. The
penguins feed at the base of the chlorophyll
maximum where water is clear.
A COOL Glider flies in Antarctic in January 2007
Radio-tagged foraging depths of Adelie penguins
Solar quenching of Chlorophyll fluorescence
Chlorophyll (mg/L)
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Ocean Observatory Based Habitat
Indicators Fisheries
NOAA Stations1963-Present
Divergence
Spiny Dog Fish, nuisance, protected
Summer Flounder
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Long-finned Squid
Spring surveys
2004
2005
2006
Single species GAMM models MAC managed species
including Summer flounder Spiny dogfish
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Exciting the Next Generation in Science and
Engineering
How do we entrain educate the next generation
of global oceanographers? Focus on the pipelines
Early Career Scientists and Undergraduates
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The Adventure Begins

• RU17 was deployed off the coast of New Jersey on
  May 21st, 2008 at 125pm

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• On May 24th RU17 crossed the shelfbreak

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• RU17 entered the warmest waters of the Gulf
  Stream on May 31st

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• June 19 RU17 crossed the 2,000 km mark

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• RU17 continues to follow warm water currents

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• Sea Surface Temperature Satellite Data

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• Altimetry Satellite Data

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• On July 19th Tropical Storm Bertha passes over

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• On August 20 RU17 reached 50.1 across the
  Atlantic Ocean

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• A month later RU17 reaches its
• 4 months 5,000 km mark

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Problems along the way

• Remoras Effect on RU17
• Remora are visual predators, and cannot see well
  at night. To help move through the night, they
  attach themselves to other fish to get a free
  ride.
• The plot shows a time series plot of the glider
  depth (y-axis) as a function of time (x-axis) you
  can see the glider move up and down in the water
  column.

RU17 suddenly switched to fast descents and slow
ascents, sometimes not making it to the top of
the yo. It lasts for about 12 hours through the
night and then suddenly goes away and returns to
equal dives and climbs. 
Depth (m)
Time (hours)
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• On September 22nd RU17 gets stuck in an eddy

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• Lap 2

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• RU17 is about 500 km away from Flores

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• October 27th RU17 aborts mission for a leak

• RU17 hit the inflection point at about 98 m
• At about 47m (11 minutes into the ascent) the
  leak detects voltage changes
• Within 2 minutes the voltage drops from about 1.1
  to 1.05  
• RU17 aborted for a leak and headed to the surface

ABORT HISTORY last abort cause
MS_ABORT_LEAK sensor m_vacuum(inHg)8.1277628830
6713 5.158 secs ago sensor m_leakdetect_voltage(
volts)1.05079366266727 52.628 secs ago
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On October 28th we lost connection with RU17

• RU17 was within 20 km of the Azores EEZ line

• Leak detect voltage drops to 0.42 volts
• Lost connection with RU17

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• RU17s full path

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• RU17 Accomplishments

• RU17 flew a record breaking distance of 5,700.59
  km
• RU17 spent 160 days at sea (5 months and 1 week)
• Increase in student involvement, partnership,
  and outreach

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What we learned

• We need data and local knowledge.
• Coming to the Azores
• Learning what we can about every path we travel
• We need to make changes to the design.
• on poster you can have to refer to

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Long-duration Glider Missions - Undergraduate
Education RU15 - New Jersey to Halifax
2008 RU17 - New Jersey to Azores (Almost) -
2008 RU27 - New Jersey to Europe (We Hope) 2009
Please Join Us!!
RU17 The Scarlet Knight
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You can join the mission
http//rucool.marine.rutgers.edu/atlantic/
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Tropical Storm Hanna, September, 2008
Sub-Surface Structure/Mixing
RU10 equipped with turbulence sensors and flown
into Tropical Storm Hanna
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The Glider Flight
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Water Mass Classification w/ satellite data
genetic algorithms (M. Oliver)
488nm (blueness)
SST
551nm (Chl)


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Slocum Coastal Gliders
October 2003 pres 63 missions 21,129 km
179,584 casts
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US Coast Guard Search and Rescue