The Elements of Communication

1
The Elements of Communication

• Speaker
• Listener
• Message
• Encoding
• Decoding

• Medium
• Feedback
• Noise
• Context or Frames of Reference

2
Linear Model of Communication
Listeners
Speaker
Message
(Decode)
(Encodes)
3
Transactional Model of Communication
Frames of Reference
Feedback
Speaker Decodes
Listeners Encode
Noise
Noise
Listeners Decode
Speaker Encodes
Frame of Reference
Message
Context
4
Additional Theories

• Shannon Weaver
• Contu
• Anderson Staats
• Trans Per

5
Shannon Weaver
6
Shannon Weaver
7
Contu
Meaning
8
Anderson Staats
FeedBack
Decode
Encode
Ext. Stim.
Ext. Stim.
Internal Stimuli
Internal Stimuli
Encode
Decode
Sender
Reciever
Channel or Medium
9
TransPer
TransPerceptual Model
10
How Your Audience Listens

• We Think Faster than We Hear
• We Have a Short Attention Span
• We Jump to Conclusions
• We are Easily Distracted
• We are Biased Festinger

11
Cognitive Dissonance

• Selective Exposure

• Selective Perception

• Selective Retention

12
Sustain Your Audiences Attention

• Analyze Your Audience Carefully
• Keep Your Speech Focused
• Divide Your Speech into Compact Segments
• Adapt to the Speaking Situation

13
What Will Your Audience Remember?
More
As time passes, your audience remembers less.
More
Less
How Much Time Passes