STEREOSCOPIC DISPLAY USING

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STEREOSCOPIC DISPLAY USING A 1.2-m DIAMETER
STRETCHABLE MEMBRANE MIRROR
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BASIC DESCRIPTION OF A STRETCHABLE MIRROR
Aluminised PET
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MIRROR HISTORY (INITIAL MIRROR DESIGN)
ORIGINAL MIRROR MADE USING AN ORCHESTRAL DRUM.
INITIAL ATTEMPT AT A PURPOSE BUILT MEMBRANE
MIRROR MANUFACTURED FROM WOOD.
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MIRROR HISTORY (INFRA-RED IMAGING)
MEMBRANE MIRROR USED TO FOCUS INFRA-RED ONTO
CHOLESTERIC LIQUID CRYSTAL TO DETEREMINE TEMPERATU
RE PATTERNS OF HEATER ELEMENTS.
INITIAL ATTEMPT AT METAL FRAMED MIRROR OF 24
APERTURE.
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MIRROR HISTORY (PRESS COVERAGE)
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MIRROR HISTORY (SPACE MIRROR)
SCHEMATICS AND PHOTOGRAPHS OF DESIGN CONCEPT FOR
SPACE BASED MEMBRANE MIRRORS WHERE A LACK OF
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE BEGS THE REQUIREMENT FOR
POSITIVE PRESSURE TO DEFORM THE MEMBRANE
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MIRROR HISTORY (ACCURATE TENSIONING)
DISTORTED FRINGE PATTERN DUE TO NON-SYMMETRICAL
TENSIONING OF MEMBRANE, 1984-88.
DESIGN CHANGES FACILITATE INCREASED SYMMETRY
OF MEMBRANE TENSION, 1989.
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DESIGN OF 1.2-m DIAMETER STRETCHABLE MEMBRANE
MIRROR
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JOHN LOGIE BAIRD
JOHN LOGIE BAIRDS WORK HAS BEEN INSTRUMENTAL IN
INSPIRING THE CURRENT RESEARCH BEING CARRIED OUT
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE IN
GLASGOW SCOTLAND.
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FIRST HIGH DEFINITION COLOUR TELEVISION
THE WORLDS FIRST HIGH DEFINITION
COLOUR TELEVISION, 600 LINE, OCTOBER 1940,
J.L.BAIRD.
J.L.BAIRD WITH THE RECIVER, SCREEN SIZE 26 X 2.
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CATHODE RAY TUBE DEVELOPMENT
1937
LARGEST CATHODE RAY TUBE IN THE WORLD, 22
DIAMETER
BAIRD COMPANY RADIOGRAM USING 15 DIAMETER TUBE
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J.L.BAIRDS NOCTOVISOR
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STEREOSCOPIC TELEVISION
BAIRD TV SET READY FOR SALE
STEREOSCOPIC IMAGES WITHOUT THE NEED FOR GLASSES
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STEREOSCOPIC TELEVISION
1941
EARLY NEWSPAPER ARTICLES SHOWING
J.L.BAIRDS STEREOSCOPIC TELEVISION TRANSMITTER
AND RECEIVER.
1928
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STEREO IMAGE PROJECTION USING A CONCAVE MIRROR
Early Patent By Minter - 1969
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STEREO DISPLAY USING MEMBRANE MIRROR
1.2-m diameter membrane mirror
Right eye lens
Left eye lens
Radius of curvature
Left eye image
Right eye image
Worksurface
Virtual image of right eye lens
Virtual image of left eye lens
Real image of right eye lens
Real image of left eye lens
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SCHEMATIC OF SINGLE USER WORKSTATION
Viewing windows
Plane mirrors
Left eye lens
Right eye lens
Left eye image
Right eye image
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VARIABLE IMAGE PLANE LOCATION
Real image
Virtual image
Stretchable mirror
CRT / Lens position determines image location
Convergence / focus planes
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3-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY
OF STRATHCLYDE
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REAL IMAGING USING CLAMSHELL MIRROR CONFIGURATION
Primary mirror
Secondary mirror
Orthoscopic Real image
Object
Real Image of XJ220
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3-D IMAGING USING LENS-MIRROR COMBINATION
Observed image
Stretchable mirror
130-mm diameter lens
Radius of curvature
Object to be imaged
Position of object relative to lens determines
image position and magnification
Magnified real image of lens (viewing window)
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AXIAL DISTORTION DUE TO LONGITUDINAL MAGNIFICATION
Concave stretchable mirror
Viewing zone _at_ real image of lens
Real image
Lens

• Magnified real image of hand - dramatic due to
  exaggerated perspective.
• Pre-distorted object / image source required to
  ensure geometrically correct final image.

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REAL IMAGING OF 2-D SCREEN
Concave stretchable mirror
Real image of display device
Real image of lens
Display device
Lens
Beam splitter
Dynamic interactive real image - No longitudinal
distortion - High quality pseudo-3D image
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SUPERPOSITION OF FOREGROUND AND BACKGROUND IMAGES
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MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF A STRETCHABLE MEMBRANE
MIRROR
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LASER SCAN RESULTS FOR 300-mm DIAMETER STRETCHABLE
MIRROR _at_ f/1.7
Comparison between calculated mirror profile with
best fit parabola
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10
8
6
Sag / mm
4
2
0
0
-150
-100
-50
50
100
150
Radial position / mm
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FIELD OF VIEW
AS THE MEMBRANE CURVATURE IS INCREASED TO GIVE A
SHORTER FOCAL LENGTH, THE VIEWING
ANGLE INCREASES. THUS THE REQUIREMENT FOR A MORE
ELASTIC MATERIAL IN ORDER TO INCREASE THE
NUMBER OF VIEWERS, WHILST REDUCING THEIR DISTANCE
FROM THE IMAGE BEING VIEWED.
MEMBRANE MIRROR
VIEWING ANGLE
FOCAL LENGTH
MEMBRANE MIRROR
VIEWING ANGLE
FOCAL LENGTH
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COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS FOR MIRROR TECHNOLOGY

• There are a wide range of applications for which
  the stretchable membrane mirror technology could
  be utilised. Primary areas of interest include
• Astronomy cheap, light-weight, high resolution
  telescopes.
• Holography collimating mirrors, large format HOE
  manufacture.
• Infra-red Imaging night vision, civil and
  military applications.
• 3D Display Systems computer games, air traffic
  control, CAD/CAM
• Solar concentrators.
• Zoom camera lenses, Surveillance systems.
• Flow visualisation, exploiting ability to
  generate off-axis mirrors (Schlieren, PIV and
  Lau systems have been developed)
• Advertising, sales.
• 3D Video conferencing across the internet.

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ASTRONOMY
Newtonian telescope utilising a membrane mirror
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HOLOGRAPHY
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INFRA-RED IMAGING
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3D DISPLAY SYSTEMS
IDEAL FOR VIEWING PRICELESS ANTIQUITIES, CAD/CAM
DESIGNS, RAPID PROTOTYPING, MEDICAL IMAGES,
COMPUTER GAMES, SPECIAL EFFECTS. THE MIRRORS CAN
BE USED TO MAGNIFY VIRTUALLY ANY FORM OF THREE
DIMENSIONAL IMAGE OR OBJECT.
3D WORKSTATION
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SOLAR CONCENTRATORS
COLLIMATED LIGHT
FROM THE SUN
STIRLING ENGINE CURRENTLY UNDER DEVELOPMENT AT
STRATHCLYDE
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ZOOM CAMERA LENSES
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FLOW VISUALISATION
MEMBRANE MIRROR SET-UP
SCHLIEREN SYSTEM USING TWO OFF AXIS MIRRORS
FLOW VISUALISATION PATTERNS USING MEMBRANE MIRROR
Ice cube melting in water at room temperature.
Warm water mixing with water at room temperature.
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ADVERTISING SALES
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3D VIDEO CONFERENCING AND REMOTE VIEWING
T.T.R.G.s Mobile Camera Platform

• Telepresence and Tele-operation applications
• Used as alternative to VR headset for display
• of stereo images from remote mobile camera
• platform. Research in conjunction with the
• Transparent Telepresence Research Group
• (TTRG) based at the University of Strathclyde.
• Interactive, real-time, computer generated
  display
• Used stereo output from ICEM Surf surface
• modelling package with multi-channel option
• (MCO) enabling multiple monitors to be
• driven in parallel. Fully rendered,
• photo-realistic CAD models giving very
• strong sense of realism.

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AUTOSTEREOSCOPIC CONFERENCE FACILITY CONCEPT
Mirror
Projectors
L
R
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VIRTUAL HUMAN 2000
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VIRTUAL HUMAN PRE 1900
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VIRTUAL HUMAN PRE 1930
EXAMPLES OF STEREOGRAPHY AND SKIAGRAPHY, WHICH
ARE STEREO PHOTOGRAPHY AND STEREO X-RAYS
RESPECTIVELY. THESE AND AROUND 40,000 OTHER
IMAGES WERE CAPTURED IN EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND AND
LONDON, ENGLAND.
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PROPOSED 3D GLASSES FREE CINEMAS
PATENTS ISSUED TO D.GABOR NOBEL PRIZE WINNER
FOR THE INVENTION OF HOLOGRAPHY
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COMMON MIRROR SHAPES
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OTHER FORMS OF STEREO

• LACK FULL RANGE
• OF COLOURS
• CROSS TALK OF LEFT
• AND RIGHT IMAGES
• RAPID EYE STRAIN
• SOLUTION ETHEREAL
• TECHS STEREO SYSTEM

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CONCLUSIONS

• A large, small f No. image forming element is a
  key requirement for projection of large,
• life-sized, 3-D images.
• A stretchable membrane mirror is a viable
  alternative to conventional image forming
  elements
• such as lenses, solid mirrors, Fresnel optics
  and lens sheets for 3-dimensional visual imaging.
• The mirror display has a high reflection
  efficiency, giving a very bright image which is
  easily
• viewable under daylight conditions. No
  requirement for high power projection systems.
• Viewing a projected image against the specular
  reflective surface of the stretchable mirror
• enhances perceived image quality.
• Ethereal Technologies and Strathclyde University
  are currently seeking business partners and
• funding, to rapidly promote this new emerging
  technology.