CAPCA Nursery/Greenhouse Seminar

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CAPCA Nursery/Greenhouse Seminar

• June 7, 2000
• Carlsbad, CA

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RIFA Insecticides Surface Water Runoff
Prevention and Mitigation

• Kean S. Goh, Dave Kim, Johanna Walters
• Department of Pesticide Regulation
• 830 K Street
• Sacramento, CA 95814

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Outline

• Introduction
• Insecticides
• Regulatory Issues
• Monitoring
• Mitigation Measures
• Summary

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Introduction

• RIFA treatments
• Surface-water runoff potential
• Aquatic toxicity

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InsecticidesRIFA

• Bifenthrin (Talstar)
• Diazinon
• Chlorpyrifos (Dursban, Lorsban)
• Fenoxycarb (Award)
• Hydramethylnon (Amdro Pro)
• Pyriproxyfen (Distance)

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Insecticideother OPs

• Dimethoate
• Fonofos
• Malathion
• Methidathion
• Methyl parathion
• Phosmet

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InsecticidePhysico-Chemical Properties
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Water Solubility (ppm)
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Soil Adsorption Coefficient
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Field Dissipation Half-Life (Days)
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InsecticideAquatic Toxicity (LC50)
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Aquatic Toxicity
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
R. Trout
1
D. magna
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Diazinon
Bifenthrin
Abamectin
Fenoxycarb
Chlorpyrifos
Pyriproxyfen
Hydramethylnon
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RegulationFederal Clean Water Act

• Impaired water bodies 303 (d) list.
• Physical, chemical, biological
• Sediment, metals, pesticides, pathogens,
  nutrients, toxic organics, toxicity, salinity,
  other
• Calif 509 bodies listed (1998)

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RegulationTMDL Process

• Total Maximum Daily Load
• Regional Water Quality Control Board
• Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos
• SF urban creeks (diazinon)
• CC- Pajaro R, Watsonville Slough
• CV-Sac/SJR Delta
• SA- Newport Bay
• SD- Chollas Cr./SD Bay (diazinon)

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Offsite Movements

• Spray drift
• primary, secondary
• Runoff
• dissolved in water
• adsorbed to soil particles and organic materials

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Monitoring

• Insecticide Concentration
• Toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia
• Urban vs. Nurseries

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• Pesticide

Runoff
Human
Environment
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Environment Climatic Conditions

• Rainfall
• duration, amount, and intensity
• timing of rainfall after application
• time to runoff after inception of rainfall

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Environment Soil Characteristics

• Texture
• Organic matter content
• Moisture content
• Surface compaction and crusting
• Slope
• Aggregation

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Management Practices

• Pesticide placement
• soil, foliar applied, potting mix
• Erosion/runoff control
• Cropping patterns
• Irrigation management
• duration, amount, intensity, and timing

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Runoff Prevention Mitigation

• Runoff survey
• Insecticide selection
• Application
• Containment
• Water recovery
• Buffer strip

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Runoff Site Survey

• Terrain, water flow,
• proximity to water bodies
• Storage area
• Mixing loading area
• Wash area
• Application site

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Insecticide Selection

• Efficacy
• Formulation
• Physico-chemical properties
• Dose (use rate)
• Aquatic toxicity

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Application

• Label
• Environmental Hazards
• Use Directions
• Rate
• Timing
• rain irrigation
• Precision application
• Calibration

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LabelEnvironmental Hazards

• This pesticide is extremely toxic to fish and
  aquatic invertebrates.
• Do not apply directly to water.
• Drift and run-off from treated areas may be
  hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring
  areas.
• Do not contaminate water when disposing of
  equipment washwaters.

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PesticideLabel Recommendation

• Do not apply if rain is expected within 12 hours

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Containment

• Rain shelter
• Containment of spills
• storage area, mixing loading, wash pad
• Containment of runoff water
• Rinsate reuse, treatment
• Tailwater pond/bioswale

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Water Recovery

• Re-circulating system
• Tailwater recovery
• Phytotoxicity (herbicide residues)
• Microbial degradation, photodegradation
• Hydrolysis
• Plant Wildlife

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Buffer Strip

• Water soluble vs. adsorped
• Buffer area
• Vegetation strip
• grass, cover crop
• Organic material strip

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Management Agency Agreement

• Preventive (outreach and education)
• Self-regulatory (voluntary programs)
• Regulatory (DPR)
• Regulatory (Federal and Regional Boards)

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Conclusions

• All RIFA insecticides were detected
• Single detects hydramethylnon, pyriproxyfen,
  fenoxycarb
• Nurseries Bifenthrin, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos,
  (Malathion), (Dimethoate) lt3 ppb
• Urban Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos lt1 ppb

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Conclusions (continued)

• Toxicity to C. dubia
• Nursery sites
• 10 attributable to Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos,
  Bifenthrin, Malathion, Dimethoate, Fonofos
• 1 unknown
• Urban and integrated sites
• 12 attributable to Diazinon, Malathion,
  Chlorpyrifos
• 24 unknown

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Conclusions (continued)

• Prevention Mitigation
• Application
• Irrigation Management
• Tailwater Recovery
• Buffer Stripe

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Acknowledgment

• Calif. Dept. of Food Agriculture
• Center for Analytical Chemistry
• Pest Detection/Emergency Project
• Santa Ana RWQC B
• State Water Resource Control Board
• Dept. of Health Services
• Calif. Department of Fish Game
• County Agric. Commissioners
• UC Cooperative Extension
• Nursery Industries

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Kgoh_at_cdpr.ca.gov [phone]
www.cdpr.ca.gov