www'albany'miemi'org

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www.albany.miemi.org

• Quiz Tuesday
• Unit III Test Nov 28
• Homework
• Write a 3 page biography of a Muslim scholar. Try
  to explain the persons early life. Focus
  especially on contributions made. Describe the
  scholars work. For help, use your CD.

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The Muslim World

• Chapter XIV
• Section 2

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Women and Islam

• Spiritual Equality
• Greater protection under Islamic Law
• Consent to Marriage
• Inheritance
• Education
• Veiling Seclusion
• Especially upper class women

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Expansion

• Caliph successor to Muhammad
• Abu Bakr
• First Four Caliphs
• Syria Palestine
• Damascus Jerusalem
• Persia
• Egypt
• North Africa

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Expansion

• 711 Crossed the Strait of Gibraltar
• Spain France
• 732 Defeated at Battle of Tours
• Charlemagne
• Byzantine Empire
• Constantinople

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Imperial Policies

• Initial Toleration
• No religious hierarchy
• No priests
• Emphasis on Arts Sciences
• Architecture
• Literature
• Music

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Sunni or Shiites

• Sunni Islam
• Caliphs chosen by leaders of Islam
• The Caliph is a leader, not a religious authority
• Shiite Islam
• Caliphs can only be descendants of Muhammad his
  daughter Fatima (Ali)

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Ali

• Son-in-law of Muhammad
• The 4th Caliph
• Assassinated in 661
• Umayyad (oh MI ad) Family
• Schism

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Similarities

• Allah
• Quran
• Five Pillars
• Hajj

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Differences

• Religious Practice
• Islamic Law
• Daily Life
• 90 of Muslims are Sunni
• Most Shiites live in 4 countries
• Iran, Lebanon, Iraq, Yemen
• There are factions in Shiite Islam
• Most Terrorists are Shiites

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Sufi

• A third Tradition
• Mystics
• Meditation, Fasting, Rituals
• Piety Mystic Powers
• Missionaries

The Bastami Complex in Bastam, Semnan Province of
Iran, contains the shrine of Mohammad ibn Jafar
Sadiq
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Islamic Empire

• Umayyad (oh MI ad) Family
• 661-750
• Capital Damascus, Syria
• Issues
• Adapting from Desert life to Ruling Cities
• Outside influences Jewish, Greek, Persian
• Economy declined with Conquest
• Resentment of disrespect of the prophet

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Abbassids

• Abu al-Abbas
• Captured Damascus 750
• Murdered the entire Umayyad Family
• 750-1258
• The Golden Age of
• Muslim Civilization
• Capital Baghdad

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Baghdad

• Al-Mansur
• Surpassed Constantinople
• City of Peace, Gift of God, Paradise on Earth
• Islamic Religion
• Arabic Language
• Architecture
• Scholarship

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Key Terms

• Minaret slender towers of the mosque
• Muezzin mosque official who issues the call
  to prayer
• Harun al-Rashid 786-809
• Sultan a powerful patriarch, warlord

Sultan Beyazit
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Invasions

• 900-1400
• Seljuk Turks
• 900 Central Asia
• Converted to Islam
• 1055 Capture of Baghdad

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Crusades

• 1095 Pope Urban II
• Seljuk capture of the Holy Lands
• Interference with Christian travel
• 1099 Christian capture of Jerusalem
• 1187 Salah al-Din

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Mongols

• 1216 Genghiz Khan
• 1258 Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghiz
• Burned Looted Baghdad
• Executed the last Abbassid Caliph
• Converted to Islam
• 1300s Timur the Lame

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Social Classes

• Social Mobility
• Religion
• Scholarship
• Military
• Slavery was Common
• Non-Muslims only
• Conditions of Freedom

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Islamic Trade

• Merchant Profession
• Muhammad was a Merchant
• Ships of the Desert
• West Africa
• Silk Road

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Economic Organization

• Arabic Numerals
• Unity
• Religion, Language, Culture
• Partnerships
• Banks, Currency Exchange, Checks
• Credit, Accounting

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Manufacturing

• Guilds
• Leadership chosen by the Membership
• Authority to set Prices
• Weights Measures
• Product Quality
• Steel Swords Damascus
• Leather Goods Cordoba
• Cotton Textiles - Egypt

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Agriculture

• Sugar Cane, Cotton, Dyes
• Medicinal Herbs, Fruits, Vegetables
• Flowers, Grains, Olives, Dates
• Scarcity of Water
• Massive Irrigation Projects
• Nomads
• Bedouins