CIMAs Irradiation centers of agricultural biodiversity management

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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
CIMAs Irradiation centers of agricultural
biodiversity management
Rubens Onofre Nodari Prof. Titular, PPG em
Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, UFSC, Florianópolis,
SC Gerente de Recursos Genéticos
SBF/MMA rubens.nodari_at_mma.gov.br
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Agricultural biodiversity
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Ministério do Meio Ambiente

• Iniciatives
• Pollinators
• Extractive Reserves
• Extractive systems
• Species of actual or potential value
• Wild relatives of domesticated species
• Irradiation Centers of Agricultural biodiversity
  Management CIMAs

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In the natural forest, the genetic diversity is
high highly productive trees e non-productive
trees
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PROPOSAL Island of high productivity - IAPs
Seedling transplanting of seringueiras (1 ha) to
form IAPs
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Açaí
Cal Prot Fibra Ca Fe Vit B1 Vit B2
247 3,80 16,90 118,0 58,0 11,8 0,36

• VALOR NUTRITIVO Polpa do açaí X leite bovino
  cru
• 4 X valor energético
• 3 X lipídios
• 7 X carboidratos
• 118 X Ferro
• 9 X Vit B1 09
• 8 X Vit C
• Prot e Ca
• ½ do P
• Radicais livres

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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Wild relatives of native domesticated species
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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Agricultural biodiversity
Genetic diversity of non native domesticated
species
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Pitanga
Aquarela, 1998 Tereza Rondinelli
Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae)
Propriedades Nutritivas por 100 gramas da
fruta(polpa)
Glic (g) Prot(g) Lip (g) Ca (mg) P (mg) Fe (mg) Vit A (mg) Vit B1 (mg) Vit B2 (mg) Vit C (mg) Niacina (mg) Cal (Kcal)
6,40 1,02 1,90 9,0 11,0 0,20 210,0 30,0 60,0 14,0 0,30 46,70

• Licopeno (14 a 72 mg/100 g) coloração vermelha
• ß-caroteno (2,6 a 13 ug/g)
• B-criptoxantina (12 a 49 ug/g)
• Possui propriedades digestivas
• Atua na formação óssea
• Outros.
• (Amaya et al, 2005)

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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Species with actual or potential value
Goiabeira-serrana ou feijoa
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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Parque Indígena do Xingu - MT
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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Agricultural biodiversity
Anchieta, SC, 2004
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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Agricultural biodiversity
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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
ALTERNATIVES
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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Agricultural biodiversity
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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
The Irradiation Centers of Agricultural
Biodiversity Management - CIMAs
Focus on small farmers, with emphasis in
settlements of agrarian reform Partnership
between NGOs representative of small farmers,
social movements and government Diversity of
biomes and geographic regions Guidelines Associ
ativism and social participation Emphasis in
capacity-building Activities - community.
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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Components of major interest to small farmers

• Landraces or crioula varieties
• Medicinal and phytotherapyc plants
• Agro-forest Systems
• Extractive management
• Alternative animal management
• Recovering environment problems Legal Reserve
  and Permanent Protected Areas

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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Agricultural biodiversity
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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Agricultural biodiversity
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BARU
Cumbaru, cumaru, coco-feijãoDipteryx alata
(Papilionoideae) Castanha do cerrado

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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Agricultural biodiversity
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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Agricultural biodiversity

• CIMAs expected results
• 23 CIMAs, across the country
• 10 000 families of small farmers capacity and
  benefits
• 70 000 families indirectly beneficed
• 200 capacity-building courses
• National Network of Landrace Seeds (Crioula)

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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Agricultural biodiversity
NORTE e NORDESTE 4 CIMAs (PB, RN, CE, MA) 2.270
famílias - direto 6.600 famílias - indireto
CENTRO-OESTE 2 CIMAS (DF e GO) 700 famílias -
direto 1220 famílias - indireto

• SUDESTE
• 2 CIMAs (SP e ES)
• 625 familias - direto
• 8,4 mil familias - indireto

SUL 2 CIMAs (RS e PR) 1875 familias - direto 16
mil familias - indireto
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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Agricultural biodiversity
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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Agricultural biodiversity

• Conservation on farm
• Important component of the conservation of
  genetic resources and breeding
• For centuries practicized by small farmers
• Evolution (new variants).

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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Agricultural biodiversity
Landraces or crioula varieties are local or
regional varieties, under domain of local and
indigenous communities or small farmers,
compound by genotypes with broad genetic
diversity, adapted to specific habitats, as a
result of natural selection combined with the
selection made by the farmers. (Stella et al., in
press).
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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
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Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Agricultural biodiversity
Breeders Paradox Even now, in the era of
biotechnology and after over a century of
professional plant breeding, commercial
agriculture is still entangled in a kind of
breeders paradox the commercial crops remain
dependent on regular genetic infusions from the
landraces they are displacing. (Tuxtill,
2000)
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Camu-camu
Caçari, araçá-d'água Myrciaria dubia (Myrtaceae)
Cal Carb Ca Fe P Tia-mina Vit C Vit B1 Vit B2
17 4,7 27 0,5 17 0,01 2800 0,04 0,06
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Pupunha
Bactris gasipaes (Arecaceae)