1. dia

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Szalay Sándor (1909-1987)
2
Az árvaház
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Institute of Experimental Physics, Debrecen
Institut für Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Germany

• Measurement and model calculation on charged
  particle induced reactions
• Aims
• Excitation function for medical applications
• Studying isomeric state productions
• Experiment
• Irradiations at Jülich, with cyclotron CV 28
• Stacked foil technique
• Measurements by gamma and X-ray spectrometry
• Model calculations
• STAPRE Hauser-Feshbach and exciton model code
• OMP code SCAT 2 with global OMP parameters
• Level density Back-shifted Fermi gas model

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Participation in big physics Collaborations 1
) CERN LHC CMS detector Optical positioning
of muon chambers, calibrations, tests, (Future
evaluation, physical interpretation). Aim search
for Higgs bosons in p  p collisions 2) BNL
RHIC PHENIX detector Search for QG plasma in
Au  Au, p  Au, d  Au collisions
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I. ANGELI Nuclear radii NUPECC Long Range
Plan 2004, p. 91 Nuclear radii dont go as
A1/3 How do they go? Table of exp. rms charge
radii ADNDT 87 (2004) 185 Smooth Rch(N,Z)
surface figure Model ? Rp(N,Z), Rn(N,Z) ?
Rn-Rp neutron skin Special case proton,
rp  0.88(1) fm Barion density for quark-gluon
plasma nB,crit  (1/rconf)3 If rconf  0.80 fm,
nB,crit ? 0.72 fm-3 traditional If
rconf  0.88 fm, nB,crit ? 0.54 fm-3
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• TOP25 articles within the journal
• Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables
• 1. I. Angeli
• A consistent set of nuclear rms charge radii
  properties of the
• radius surface R(N,Z)
• ADNDT, Volume 87, Issue 2, 1 July 2004, Pages
  185-206
• 2. P. Moller, J.R. Nix, W.D. Myers, W.J.
  Swiatecki
• Nuclear Ground-State Masses and Deformations
• ADNDT, Volume 59, Issue 2, 1 March 1995, Pages
  185-381
• 3. P.L. Bartlett, A.T. Stelbovics
• Electron-impact ionization cross sections for
  elements Z1 to Z54
• ADNDT, Volume 86, Issue 2, 1 March 2004, Pages
  235-265
• G.C. Rodrigues, P. Indelicato, J.P. Santos, P.
  Patte, F. Parente
• Systematic calculation of total atomic energies
  of ground state configurations

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Determination of the neutron-skin thicknesses
neutrons protons
RCNP Osaka

• Radius of the neutron stars
• Border of TERRA INCOGNITA
• Checking the Standard Model (pionic atoms, PNC
  experiments

Furnstahl Nucl. Phys. A706 (2002) 85
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Experimental methods and results
7. Summary and conclusion
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Particle decay of the isoscalar giant dipole
resonance
3h? isoscalar dipole mode
excitation energy
?
nuclear incompressibility
decay properties
?
microscopic structure, effective selection of GR
strengths
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ee- pairs from a magnetic monopole transition
signaling an elusive light neutral boson
16O 0-?0 10.95 MeV
e
Dark matter (axion, gravitino, u-boson )
e
M 8.9 MeV ENS05
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Experimental results obtained for the 10.95 MeV
0-?0 transition
e e- energy distribution e - e- angular
correlation
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Chirality in rotating nuclei-1
Experimental signatures - doubling of the ?I1
rotational bands of the particular
valence configurations - near degenerate states
in the two bands - intense gamma transitions
between them - similar electromagnetic
properties B(M1),B(E2)
2 keV
104Rh
Vaman et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 032501.
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Chirality in rotating nuclei-2
Diamant (Debrecen)
Afrodite (South Africa)
Gammasphere
Hyperball (Japan)
The Euroball Diamant, Gammasphere, and Stony
Brook detector arrays were used. Use of the
Afrodite Diamant and the Hyperball is planned
in the future.
TheDebrecen group's speciality is the composite
chirality when two particles orbit around the
short axis. Only three such cases are known up
to now 135Nd, 103Rh (Debrecen) and 105Rh
(Debrecen)
PLB 598 (2004) 178
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Search for hyperdeformation at high spins in
126Ba the ultimate HD experiment The HLHD
collaboration more than 20 European and oversees
laboratories (LBL)
Experimental details 64Ni 64Ni - 128Ba _at_ 255
261 MeV (2 weeks each) 64Ni beam
supplied by Vivitron, IReS (Strasbourg)
EUROBALL Inner-BGO-Ball DIAMANT
detector system Aim of using DIAMANT
Discriminate xn? particle-xn? data by
vetoing/gating on emitted light
charged particles to enhance the chance of
identifying discrete-line HD transitions Results
(so far) The xng data (particle-veto) The
particle-xng data (particle-gate) Eg-Eg
analysis Eg-Eg analysis Presence of HD
ridge structure in 126Ba Ridge structures in
several nuclei Enhancement of ridge structure
(-gtslide) giving HD-like J(2) if low-energy
data are subtracted with increasing
gamma-fold Further analysis is in
progress Conclusions HD states are populated at
highest spins only, in a narrow spin range No
discrete-line HD bands could be identified
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DIAMANT a light-charged-particle detector
array Developed in collaboration with
CENBG (Bordeaux) and University of Napoli
Detectors CsI(Tl) scintillators with
photodiode readout new wrapping technique
giving gt 80 light- collection
efficiency Geometry Rombicuboctahedron (on
flexible-board support) forward wall(s) 3x3
or 5x5 ChessBoard A total of 84 CsI
detectors Efficiency geometrical 90 of 4?
detection of protons gt 70 detection of
alphas ? 50 High granularity deduce
particle multiplicity correction for Doppler
broadening of gammas New electronics in-vacuum
preamplifiers VXI signal processing (13 pcs
Octal modules)
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Scintillation charged particle detector systems
developed by ATOMKIusing multilayer polymer
mirror reflector wrapping based on Giant
Birefringent Optics

• 100 element CsI(Tl) Si pin photodiode detector
• system (DIAMANT ChessBoard) for
• EUROBALL, (France, Italy)
• EXOGAM (Ganil, France)
• AFRODITE (iThemba, South Africa)
• Collaboration with CENBG, Bordeaux MSI,
  Stockholm INFN, Napoli
• scintillator 14 x 14 x 3 mm3
• photodiode 10 x 10 mm2
• for 30 MeV/ amu particles
• Dedicated preamplifiers and highly integrated
  dedicated electronics in VXI-standard
• Excellent energy- and particle-resolution
• ( 2 times better than that of Microball at
  Gammasphere)
• 300 element CsI(Tl) Si pin photodiode detector
  system for RIBF at RIKEN (Japan)
• Collaboration with Riken and Rikkyo University
• scintillator 16 x 16 x 55 mm3
• photodiode 10 x 10 mm2
• for 130 MeV/ amu particles
• Dedicated preamplifiers, (yet) standard signal
  processing electronics

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Spectroscopy of exotic nuclei Decoupling of
valence neutrons from the core in ¹6C and ¹7B
Mn/Mp7(1)
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Vanishing N14 subshell closure in ²¹N and ²²N
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Beta decay studies using total absorption
spectroscopy and multidetector arrays IFIC-Univ.
Valencia, Univ. of Surrey, Strasbourg, Debrecen
collaboration

• A very interesting physics programme running,
  mainly devoted to the study of cases on the
  proton rich side (ground state shape
  determination, conf. mixing). Under analysis
  78Sr, and odd Sr and Kr cases measured at ISOLDE
  (CERN).
• We are also involved in studies of neutron rich
  nuclei which are also important, but for other
  reason (reactor heat problem). Recent measurement
  of 104,105Tc in Jyväskylä (possible source of an
  inconsistency in the gamma component of the
  reactor heat calculations in the 300-3000 s
  range). Future measurement of 102Tc, also related
  to this problem.
• Monte Carlo simulations of new experimental
  setups for FAIR.

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Triple-Humped Fission Barrier and Clusterization
in the Actinide Region
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SD rotational bands in 240Pu
HD rotational bands in 236U
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Nuclear molecules
A100 A132
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252Cf ?A1A2
State ß n1,n2,n3
GS 0.24 414,321,303
SD 0.60 520,285,267
HD 0.86 600,260,245
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Simple solution to a complex problem
symmetries

• Symmetry
• Conservation law (quantum number)
• Selection rule
• based on the real or effective U(3)
  symmetry

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SUPERSYMMETRY IN CLUSTERIZATION
Building blocks in nuclear structure models
Fermions nucleons (holes) a, a Bosons quanta
of collective excitations b, b
Boson models b? b(l) Boson-fermion models
b? b(l) a? a(l) Supersymmetric models
b? b(l) a? a(l) b? a(l) a? b(l)
Evidence - indirect correlations in the
spectroscopic data of neighbouring
nuclei (spectrum, band structure, B(?l))
- direct nucleon transfer reactions (by SUSY
generators)
Example - classic IBFM-based SUSY, e.g. U(64)
in Os-Ir-Pt-Au quadrupole boson - NEW
Cluster SUSY, e.g. U(412) in Oa, Na , Ca
dipole boson
- NEW Cluster SUSY
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The U(412) cluster supersymmetry
Motivation - Similar bands in 20Ne(01),
19F(1/2-), 18O(02), 18F(1) - Parameter
systematics from the SACM (16Oa, 15Na, 14Ca,
... )
Fermion Boson
hole on the p shell exc. of relative motion
EF? EB ?10-13 MeV
a(?,µ)lsta(0,1)1/21/2 b(?,µ)lb(0,0)0,
b(1,0)1 (?,?) UF(12) ? UFST(4) ? SUF(3)
UB(4) ? SUB(3) SU(3)
coupling
NF 0 1 2 16Oa 15(N,O)a
14O(C,N,O)a T0 T1/2
T1,0 0h? 8(8,0) 7(6,0)
6(4,0) 1h? 9(9,0) 8(7,0)
7(5,0)
8(8,1) 7(6,1) 2h? 10(10,0) 9(8,0)
8(6,0)
9(9,1) 8(7,1)
8(8,2)
Results Joint description of 20Ne and 19F
(Eur. Phys. J. A 12 (2001) 305) - Spectrum and
B(E2)s reproduced SUSY at least as good
as U(64) - C2S from 20Ne(t,a)
reproduced Extension to A18 (in progress) -
Selection rules for 19F(p,d) reproduced
remarkably well
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Microscopic cluster model

• Debrecen ? Niigata
• Stochastic variational method for few body
  systems
• Relative motion angular momentum projected
  Gaussians
• Applications 4He-11Li
• E. g. 11Li a t n n n n
• 7,8,9,10,11Li description on the same footing
• 11Li halo s-p 50-50
• Distortion of 9Li

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Shell model on complex energy sheet

• Two conference contrubutions by T. Vertse and by
  R. Id Betan
• 11Li and 72Ca drip line nuclei
• Core 2 unbound neutrons in generalized Berggren
  representations
• BCS using Berggren representations (B-R)
• Complex s. p. representations
• New features complex path on E and k
• Generalized scalar product bi-orthogonal basis
  and regularization
• GB-R includes antibound states too

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SHAPE PHASE TRANSITIONS IN A SOLVABLE MODEL
The Bohr Hamiltonian quadrupole surface
oscillations 5 dimensions - ß, ? orientation
H kinetic terms V(ß,?) , minima of
V(ß,?) equilibrium shapes
Shape phase Vmin at Group triaxial
ß,? ? 0 SU(3) ?-unstable ß gt 0
O(6) spherical ß 0 U(5)
Transition V(0)?V(ßmin) square well (Iachello
2000) E(5) critical point symmetry
benchmark values
examples e.g. 134Ba
SU(3)
O(6)
E(5)
U(5)
More realistic potential sextic oscillator
(Lévai, Arias Phys. Rev. C 69 (2004) 014304 )
V(ß)a2 ß6 2ab ß4 (b2-4ac) ß2u0 - Solvable
for small ?, t (E?t , ??t , B(E2)) - Flexible
shape ßmin0 IF b gt 0 , b2gt4ac
ßmingt0 IF b2 lt 4ac
ßmingt ßmax gt0 IF b lt 0 , b2gt4ac
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Nuclear astrophysics

• LUNA collaboration
• - extremely low cross section measurement
• with an underground accelerator
• - electron screening in low energy nuclear
  reactions
• Exotic nuclear structure at RIKEN
• Astrophysical p-process

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p-process origin of p-nuclei

• Site SNII Supernova shock passing through O-Ne
  layers of progenitor star (T91-3)
• Gamma-induced reactions on s-process seed nuclei
  (?,n) ? (n,?) equilibrium
• Branching points (?,p) and/or (?,a)
• No experimental data for (?,p) and (?,a) reaction
  rates

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Sic itur ad astra.
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Szalay Sándor (1909-1987)
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Az árvaház