Why are Women

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Why are Womens HIV Aids Cases on the Rise?

• by
• Richard D. Ramirez

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Definition of HIV

• HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
• Whats a Virus?
• A virus is a non-living organism or inert
  chemical, usually ultramicroscopic
• Consisting of nucleic acid, either RNA or DNA,
  within a case of protein
• But needs a living (Host) cell to reproduce

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AIDS Defined

• AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
• A condition that proceeds the HIV virus
• Disabling the Human Immune System
• Compromising the bodys defense mechanism
• Making the body susceptible opportunistic
  diseases

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A Brief History on AIDS

• In 1981 The first cases of AIDS where reported
  and classified as Gay Related Immune Deficiency
  or Grid.
• Scientists later found evidence that the disease
  existed in the world for some years prior, i.e.,
• Subsequent analysis of a blood sample of a Bantu
  man, who died of an unidentified illness in the
  Belgian Congo in 1959, made him the first
  confirmed case of an HIV infection.

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The History Continues

• From 1989 1998, this virus continues to spread
  across the U.S.
• Devastating the womans population of this
  nation.
• In 1998 the reported cases of women living with
  AIDS had risen to 54,322
• As of the end of 2005, an estimated 4.9 million
  people had become newly infected with HIV / AIDS.
• Women represent nearly half (46) of adults
  living with HIV / AIDS worldwide.

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When did this Virus first get classified?

• 1981 CDC was alerted of occurrences that led to
  the identification of a new disease.
• Because the majority of patients were
  homosexuals, lifestyle was quickly associated as
  the cause.
• By 1993 CDC releases a new definition for AIDS.
• Stating, that the Center for Disease Control
  expected 111 increase of diagnosed due to the
  new definition.

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The Risky Sexual Transmission Theory

• Most of the HIV Women have been infected
• In there their own homes,
• In their own Beds,
• By their husbands
• Culture and Economics are other contributing
  factors.
• As well as the lack of preventive education on
  HIV/AIDS transmission

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The HIV virus is a respecter of no one

• 20th Century AIDS is no longer being seen as a
  disease that effect only the gay community.
• There are high risk social behaviors that are
  being addressed and associated in the spread of
  this deadly disease.

Meet Chris, She became a statistic in 2004
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Women make up nearly half of the 37.2 million
adults living with AIDS
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What are the Odds

• Women are biologically, economically and socially
  more vulnerable to HIV infection than men, with
  studies showing they can be up to 2.5 times more
  likely to be infected

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As of 2004 there were an estimated 90,000
reported cases of HIV in South America..
HIV AIDS are running ramped across Central and
South America
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What were we Thinking?
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California is also displaying increases in
reported HIV cases across the state And our
county, Tulare County is no exception
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Conquest of the Beast
Pseudomembranous Candidinsis
Herpes Simplex Virus
Acanthamoeba Infection
Severe HIV Wasting Disease
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A silhouette of the AIDS virus

• This is an approximate scaled image of the AIDS
  virus in contrast to a T-Helper cell
• The arrow indicates the actual AIDS virus
• The stubby objects seen on the surface of the
  T-Cell are receptor
• This the Beast in motion

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The Incurable Beast
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Simplified HIV Life-Cycle
New virus particle buds from cell.
Virus attaches to cell surface
New viral components congregate at cell surface
Virus core enters cell and its RNA is converted
to DNA
New viral RNA
Cell nucleus
New viral Protein
Viral DNA enters nucleus and combines with host
cell DNA
RNA copies are made which leave the nucleus
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HIV Protease

• The HIV protease is an AIDS virus enzyme.
• Critical for virus replication.
• The HIV protease has two strands of proteins with
  no covalent connections

Peptide Inhibitor
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Dr. Betty Korber and fellow researcher John
Mokili, have worked to clarify the evolutionary
tree of HIV subtypes and strains.
Consensus copy
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The Biological Frontiers

• Immunology and its complexities are currently the
  focus of scientist and researchers.
• Genetics, molecular, and cellular research
  continue to present broader possibilities for
  researchers.
• Yet there is no known cure for HIV / AIDS.
• Stopping the (HIV Virus) is the biological
  frontiers, left for both the science communities
  and researchers.
• Until this time the Beast will continue to
  destroy human life, devastate families, and over
  shadow our world with the possibility of
  contracting such a killing disease.

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Work Cited

• Alcena, Valiere, M.d. F.a.c.p. Women's Health and
  Wellnes for the Millennium (AIDS in Women in the
  USA). 1st ed. White Plains, N.Y. Le Negre, 2005.
  189-192.
• Buckley, Micheal R., and Kelly J. Henning. HIV
  Infection in Primary Care. 4th ed. Boston
  Elserier, 2002. chpt. 1-3,12.
• Campbell, Neil A., Jane B. Reece, Martha R.
  Taylor, and Eric J. Simon. Biology Concepts and
  Connections. Custom Edition for the College of
  the Sequoias ed. San Francisco, Ca. Benjamin
  Cummings, 2005. 498-499.
• Dod. "Threat Assessment." U.S. Military HIV
  Research Program. 5 Aug. 2004. U.S. Department of
  Defense. 11 Mar. 2006 lthttp//www.hivresearch.org/
  areas/threat.htmlgt.
• "HIV / AIDS Among Women." CDC Divisions of HIV /
  AIDS Prevention. 02 Dec. 2004. CDC National
  Prevention Information Network. 11 Mar. 2006
  lthttp//www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/facts/women.htmgt.
• Korber, Bette. "HIV Molecular Immunology."
  Immuno_at_Lanl.Gov. 18 Aug. 2005. U.S. Department of
  Energy. 6 Mar. 2006 lthttp//www.hiv.lanl.gov/conte
  nt/immunology/index.htmlgt.
• Merigan, Thomas Jr. C. AIDS Medicine. 1st ed. New
  York, New York Williams Wilkins, 1994. 756.
• "People Living with HIV / AIDS in California by
  Counties." California Department of Health/Office
  of AIDS Prevention. 01 Feb. 2006. Department of
  Health Services. 21 Mar. 2006 lthttp//www.dhs.CA.g
  ov/AIDS/gt.
• "People Living with HIV / AIDS in California by
  Counties." California Department of Health/Office
  of AIDS Prevention. 01 Feb. 2006. Department of
  Health Services. 21 Mar. 2006 lthttp//www.dhs.CA.g
  ov/AIDS/gt.

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Image Cited

• Statistics/ Graphics/ Images/1264 1-9htm. 2004.
  Washington D.C., New York. http//www.cdc.gov/hiv/
  graphics/images/1264 /1-9htm. Center for Disease
  Control. 21 Mar. 2006 lthttp//cdc.gov/hiv/graphics
  /images/1264/1264-1-9htmgt.
• Women and AIDS. http//www.tidings.com/2004/1203/a
  idscrs.htm. AIDS Support Group. 2 Apr. 2006.
• Women are Now Making Up Nearly Half of Newly
  Infected Cases. UNAIDS. 2 Apr. 2006
  lthttp//www.msmnpa.org/8wados.htmgt.
• World AIDS Day2004. 2004. New York City. City of
  New York Health and Services Agency. 11 Mar. 2006
  lthttp//www.cnyhsa.com/hiv/aids_awareness_events.p
  hpgt.