Genetic Engineering

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Genetic Engineering

• Making Custom DNA
• Using Organisms to Make Custom Proteins

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I. Bacteria

• Bacterial Chromosomes
• 1. 2.2 million base pairs
• 2. 1200 genes
• 3. Loops of DNA
• B. Plasmids
• 1. Short loops of DNA
• 2. 2-30 genes
• 3. Are passed during conjugation

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II. Recombinant DNA

• Restriction Enzymes
• 1. From Bacteria
• 2. Cut DNA in specific places
• 3. Hundreds of different varieties

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Recombinant DNA

• B. DNA from different species can be combined
  using restriction enzymes
• 1. Human insulin gene can be spliced into a
  plasmid
• 2. Plasmid is put back into a bacteria
• 3. Bacteria now produce human insulin!

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III. DNA and Forensics

• Crime Scene DNA is obtained
• 1. DNA is cut using restriction enzymes
• B. Electrophoresis is done
• 1. DNA is loaded into wells in a gel
• 2. Each lane of DNA is cut using a different
  restriction enzyme
• 3. Current is turned on

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DNA and Forensics

• 4. DNA migrates towards electrode
• 5. Short pieces of DNA migrate faster than
  larger pieces do
• 6. Pattern of bands is seen

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Bands from Suspect can be Compared With Crime
Scene DNA