VICTIMOLOGY AND CITIZENSHIP

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VICTIMOLOGY AND CITIZENSHIP

• History

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HISTORY

• HISTORY-
• 1940/50s
• DEVASTATION OF TWO WORLD WARS ESTABLISHED THE
  NOTION OF THE VICTIM.
• GROWING EMPHASIS ON THE CONTRACTUAL NATURE OF
  BRITAIN SOCIAL RIGHTS
• PRESSURE FROM VICTIM GROUPS AND THE DEMAND FOR
  RECOGNITION (THE IMPORTANCE OF MARGERY FRY)

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Margery Fry

• Margery Fry put forward the idea of a victims
  compensation scheme.
• In 1966 after her death the Criminal Injuries
  Compensation Board was established

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1960s

• -ESTABLISHMENT OF THE VICTIM MOVEMENT
  (ESPECIALLY IN THE US)
• FEMINISM
• BLACK RIGHTS ACTIVISTS
• CONSUMER VICTIMS
• VICTIMS OF WAR (VIETNAM)
• -THE DEMISE OF THE REHABILITATIVE METHOD AND THE
  RISE OF RETRIBUTION (JUST DESERTS)

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1970s

• -VICTIM SUPPORT ESTABLISHED IN 1974
• - FEMINIST MOVEMENT MATURED
• RAPE
• POVERTY
• DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
• DISCRIMINATION
• PROSTITUTION
• - EQUAL RIGHTS CAMPAIGNS
• EQUAL PAY ACT
• EMPLOYMENT ACT
• SEX DISCRIMINATION ACT
• -WOMEN ONLY ORGANISATIONS
• WOMEN AGAINST VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ( WAVAW )
• NATIONAL ORGANISATION
• OF WOMEN (NOW)

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1980s

• - CONSUMERISM
• HIGHLIGHTS VICTIMS OF CORPORATE CRIME
• (MAXWELL CASE AND THE SAVINGS AND LOANS IN THE
  USA)
• INDUSTRIAL BASE SHRINKS AND THE SERVICE SECTOR
  GROWS. THIS ALTERS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
  CORPORATE CRIME AND THE STATE.
• THE LAUNCH OF THE BCS

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1990s

• - THE PHILOSOPHY OF HUMAN RIGHTS
• - VICTIMS CHARTER
• - GREEN MOVEMENT
• - RACE AND SEX DISCRIMINATION PLACED ON THE
  AGENDA
• (MACPHERSON REPORT AND ZERO TOLERANCE)

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NEW MILLENNIUM

• LABOUR GOVERNMENT ANNOUNCED IN MARCH 2002 PLANS
  TO PROVIDE VICTIMS WITH A BILL OF RIGHTS.
• RENEWED THREAT OF TERRORISM VICTIMS NO LONGER
  CHARACTORISED BY AGE, GENDER, RACE ETC.