Plagiarism

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Plagiarism

• Menasche, L. (1997, pp. 55-60)

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Definition of Plagiarism

• Definition in a dictionary
• Stealing and using the ideas or writings of
  another person as ones own

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To Avoid Plagiarism

• Two elements need to be acknowledged in citations
• Ideas
• Language

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Direct Quotation

• Language, including short phrases, copied
  directly from the source.
• Use quotation marks to show this and note the
  authors name, the year of publication, and the
  page numbers.

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Indirect QuotationParaphrase

• Language which is all your own (paraphrase), but
  which expresses the authors ideas.
• Do not need quotation marks, but note the
  authors name, the year of publication, and the
  page numbers.

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Your Own Idea

• Words and ideas that are entirely your own.
• These are indicated by the absence of quotation
  marks and source information.

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Four Guidelines

• To Avoid Plagiarism of Language
• 1. Use your own words and sentence structures
  when writing your paper, even when you are
  writing about the ideas of others.

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Four Guidelines

• To Avoid Plagiarism of Language
• 2. When paraphrasing (putting someone elses
  ideas into your own words), avoid using any words
  from the original unless they are essential
  technical terms.

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Four Guidelines

• To Avoid Plagiarism of Language
• 3. If you use any of the original words from a
  source, you must acknowledge them by enclosing
  them in quotation marks.

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Using original words

• It is still regarded as plagiarism
• - use some of the original words and phrases
  from a sentence and change others without
  quotation marks.
• - keep the sentence structure of the original
  and change all the words to synonyms.

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Four Guidelines

• To Avoid Plagiarism of ideas
• 4. Acknowledge all ideas taken from other
  writers, either in a footnote or as part of the
  sentence describing the ideas.
• This applies to any ideas or theories that
  specialists in the field can recognize as
  belonging to a specific person.

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Plagiarism of ideasNOT applicable

• To ideas and information that are common
  knowledge in the field
• - Because
• ideas that originate with an individual become
  so generally accepted
• their origin is forgotten
• the idea becomes part of the body of knowledge
  that is central to the subject area and that
  appears in school textbooks