Catalysis: Concepts and Green Applications

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Catalysis Concepts and Green Applications
Lecture slides for Chapter 1 Introduction to
catalysis, green chemistry, and sustainable
development.
Most of the graphics here were drawn using
PowerPoint and Chemdraw (version Ultra 9.0).
Feel free to modify and/or add your own
pyrotechnics.
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The big picture
Operational tools
Practical approaches
Green chemistry
Catalysis
Green engineering
Waste management
Strategic goal
Sustainable development
Industrial ecology
Process intensification
Renewable energy
Monitoring tools
Life-cycle assessment
E-factor, atom economy
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The drivers of green chemistry
Economic benefit
Lower capital investment
Lower operating costs
Societal pressure
Government legislation
Less hazardous materials
Improved public image
Green chemistry
High fines for waste
Safer and smaller plants
Producer responsibility
Pollution control
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Oxidation of diphenylmethanol to benzophenone
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Relative efficiency of various engine types
100
90
80
70
Efficiency
50
Costs of obtaining hydrogen
50
40
30
20
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Gas electric
Diesel electric
Micro-turbine
Hydrogen fuel cell
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The traditional propene oxide route
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The SMPO process
Catalytic oxidation of propene
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The four stages of life-cycle assessment
Life-cycle assessment
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Defining the scope
Inventory analysis
Impact analysis
Improvement analysis
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Different types of catalysts
copper-zinc crystallites on silica
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Examples of chemo- and diastereoselectivity
Regioselectivity
Enantioselectivity
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Base-catalysed transesterification of
triglycerides
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Figure 1.11
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Figure 1.12
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Figure 1.20
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Figure 1.21
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Figure 1.22
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Figure 1.23
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Figure 1.27