Hybrid Advanced Power SourcesHAPS Project Highlight VTB Annual Review 2002

1
Hybrid Advanced Power Sources(HAPS) Project
HighlightVTB Annual Review 2002

• Lijun Gao
• Roger Dougal
• Shengyi Liu

2
Topics

• Design and build VTB battery model
• - Sony US18650 Lithium ion battery
• Import SAFT battery model from Matlab/Simulink
  into VTB
• Active power sharing between battery and super
  capacitor hybrids

3
Design and build VTB battery model_1

• Battery model equivalent circuit

• Port 1-2 Nonlinear voltage source in series with
  an internal resistor
• Port 0-2 First order transient response network.

• Battery model equations

• Reference
• Dynamic lithium ion battery model for system
  simulation, Lijun Gao, Shengyi Liu, Roger A.
  Dougal, Accepted by IEEE Trans on Components and
  Packaging, Jun. 2002.

4
Design and build VTB battery model_2
Model steady state study (compare with
manufacture's data)
280mA 700mA 1000mA 1400mA 2800mA
45 oC 34 oC 23 oC 10 oC 0oC -10 oC -20oC

• Manufacturer
• - Simulation

Constant current discharge (23 oC)

• Discharge characteristics on temperature

Battery charge characteristics (CC-CV)
5
Design and build VTB battery model_3

• Transient response study in CDMA2 test

CDMA2 test profile
One pulse comparison

• Transient response study in GSM test

Simulation
Experiment
GSM test profile
6
Import SAFT battery model from Matlab/Simulink
into VTB_1
Battery model in Matlab/Simulink

• Model has five user parameters and two signal
  ports.
• Model expects input in form of Power Request
• Model has no voltage and current terminals, so it
  can not be immediately connected to circuit.

7
Import SAFT battery model from Matlab/Simulink
into VTB_2

• Erase the input of Power Request
• Add two natural terminals Battery Current and
  Battery Voltage

8
Import SAFT battery model from Matlab/Simulink
into VTB_3

• Matlab/Simulink model could be easily imported
  into VTB environment with natural coupling even
  without knowing model internal details.

9
Compare results running model in VTB and in
Simulink
Import SAFT battery model from Matlab/Simulink
into VTB_4
Simulation result in Simulink
Constant current discharge at 16A
Simulation result in VTB
10
Passive Battery/Capacitor Hybrid
Active Power Sharing Between Battery and
Capacitor_1

• Advantages over battery alone
• High peak power enhancement
• High efficiency

• However
• Battery current still has large ripple
• The battery voltage cannot be different from the
  capacitor voltage

11
Active Power Sharing Between Battery and
Capacitor_2

• Active Batt/Cap/Conv Hybrid

Conv output
Load
Cap
The control purpose of the control model is to
control converter output current to be constant
and equal to the load average current

• Control battery current to be constant to further
  decrease battery stress

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Active Power Sharing Between Battery and
Capacitor_3

• Build experiment system according to VTB
  simulation

• The same control algorithm used in the VTB
  simulation is also used here.

DC/DC converter

• SonyUS18650
• Maxwell PC100

Construction of experimental test
13
Active Power Sharing Between Battery and
Capacitor_4

• Experimental data under pulse current discharge

• Critical pulse
• current test at 40A
• Period 5 s
• Duty 10

Battery current
Converter output current

• Battery current ripple 2.35-2.17 0.18 A
• IBattAver 2.28A
• Battery current is almost constant
• PLoadON 3.340 132 w
• Capacitor voltage ripple 1.4V

Capacitor voltage
14
Active Power Sharing Between Battery and
Capacitor_5
Comparison Among Three Types Power Sources

• Compare with battery alone and passive batt/cap
  hybrid
• Active batt/cap/conv hybrid could have very high
  power enhancement
• Power source weight and volume could be further
  decreased