Read article by Anne Treisman

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• Read article by Anne Treisman

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Reflexive Orienting

• Attention can be automatically summoned to a
  location at which an important event has
  occurred
• Loud noise
• Motion
• New Object
• We call this attentional capture

Transients
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Reflexive Orienting

• What are some examples of reflexive orienting?
• Posner Cue-Target Paradigm with a stimulus cue
  (i.e. non-symbolic) at 50 validity
• Yantis New Object paradigm

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Reflexive Orienting

• What are some examples of voluntary orienting?

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Attention and Consciousness

• Sensory information must be attended for it to be
  entered into awareness

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Attention and Consciousness

• The attention orienting mechanism can be confused
  leading to something called change blindness

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Attention and Consciousness

• Change blindness
• Change blindness shows us that the feeling of
  being in a detailed visual environment is really
  just an illusion
• We only have access to the parts of the scene to
  which we have attended

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Attention and Consciousness

• Change blindness
• Change blindness shows us that the feeling of
  being in a detailed visual environment is really
  just an illusion
• We only have access to the parts of the scene to
  which we have attended
• And that is often not very much!

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• Visual Search finding a single item in a
  cluttered visual scene

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Visual Search

• Visual Search finding a single item in a
  cluttered visual scene

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Visual Search

• Is there a green square?

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Visual Search

• Is there a green square?

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Visual Search

• Parallel search like many independent spotlights

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Visual Search

• Serial search each item is selected until target
  is found

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Visual Search

• Serial search each item is selected until target
  is found

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Visual Search

• Serial search each item is selected until target
  is found

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Visual Search

• Serial search each item is selected until target
  is found

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Visual Search

• How could you test which kind of search was
  happening?

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Visual Search

• Search Slope How long per item?

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Visual Search

• Search Slope How long per item?

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Visual Search

• Search Slope How long per item?

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Visual Search

• Parallel search - search time is independent of
  distracter number

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Visual Search

• Search slope for color singletons is flat. What
  does this tell us about color and attention?

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Visual Search

• Search slope for shape singletons is flat. What
  does this tell us about shape and attention?

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Visual Search

• Conjunction search NOT FLAT!

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Visual Search

• Serial Search - linear increase in search time
  with number of distractors

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Visual Search

• Search Slopes can be flat for targets defined by
• color
• orientation
• curvature
• motion
• depth
• What does this imply about these features ?

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• Article by Anne Treisman