C4I Directorate Reorganization

1
Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation
Authority Government Of Pakistan
Pakistan Earthquake 2005 Building Back Better
9th October 2009
2
(No Transcript)
3
Earthquake Oct 2005

• Magnitude 7.6 on the Richter Scale
• Affected Area 30,000 sq Km ( 9 Districts
  Inhospitable Terrain)
• Human Loss 73,338 Dead 128,304 Severely
  Injured
• Physical Loss
• 3 .5 Million Homeless, over 600,000 Houses
  Destroyed
• 5,808 Education Facilities, 307 Health Facilities
  and 715 Government Sector Buildings completely
  destroyed
• 2,393 Km Roads and 92 Bridges Damaged

• Challenges
• Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of Destroyed
  Infrastructure (About 13,000 Projects)
• Renewal of Livelihood, Protection of Environment,
  Re-establishment of Telecom and Power Networks
  and Rehabilitation of Vulnerable Population
• Clearance of Massive Slides and Tons of Rubble

4
Aim
To share the experience of Pakistan Earthquake
Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority
(ERRA) with the international community in
achieving the objective of Building Back Better
in the aftermath of Oct 2005 Earthquake
5
Scheme of Presentation

• Mission and Role of ERRA
• Scope of Reconstruction Rehabilitation and
  Response Mechanism
• Application of Building Back Better Approach in
  various Sectors (Education, Health, WatSan, Roads
  Bridges, Power Telecommunication, Agriculture
  and Livestock, Housing and Social Protection)
• Lessons Learnt

6
Mission

• Convert this adversity into an opportunity by
  reconstructing the lost and destroyed facilities
  following highest standards of rehabilitation and
  reconstruction with the obligation of Build Back
  Better

7
Role

• Main role of ERRA is that of policy planning,
  financing, project approval and monitoring
  evaluation. Additionally, it ensures necessary
  coordination and provides facilitation to
  implementing partners.
• Physical implementation of the projects is the
  responsibility of respective Governments

8
Scope of Reconstruction and Rehabilitation

• ERRA has intervened in 12 different sectors with
  3 cross cutting sectors and is required to
  reconstruct about 13,000 projects, at the cost of
  approximately US 5 Billion

9
Present Status

• ERRA is well on its way and has made satisfactory
  progress with the assistance of its development
  partners and the Government of Pakistan

10
Response Areas of Focus

• Immediate
• Rescue and relief operations
• Maintenance / restoration of infrastructure
• Short Term
• Sustaining population and displaced persons
• Revival civil administration essential
  services
• Mid Term
• Early Recovery
• Long Term
• Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

11
ERRA Response Mechanism

• Establishment of Institutional Set-up
• Detailed Damage Assessment
• Preparation of 12 Sectoral Strategies through
  consensus building
• Development of operational and financial
  procedures supported by efficient Management
  Information System and database system
• Seismic Survey, Microzonation and Fault Line
  Mapping
• Establishment of Quality Control, Monitoring
  Evaluation Mechanism

12
Relief Provided

• Temporary Shelters 385,000
• Tents Provided 950,424
• Blankets / quilts 62,95,603
• Ration (tons) 255, 973
• Medicines (tons) 3053.8
• Field Hospitals Established 65
• Field / Mobile Medical Teams 86
• Heli Sorties Flown 31, 126

13
Build Back Better in Education Sector

• Better Social Sector Service Delivery
• Ensured equitable provision of education from
  gender and geographic perspective
• Made the reconstruction work realistically suit
  the needs of the areas and avoided wastage of
  scarce resources
• Objectively mapped and identified judicious
  requirement of schools based on population of
  school-age children

14
Education Sector

• Better Social Sector Service Delivery
• Avoided reconstruction of nonfunctional schools
• Preferred a private or NGO-run school over a
  Government school if meeting the educational
  needs of the area
• Provided consolidated facilities
• Considered complimentary service delivery
• Established new primary and middle schools,
  especially for girls, in the un-served areas

15
Education Sector

• Improved Design
• Provided seismically safe education facilities
  and allowed donors to opt for multiple sets of
  hazard-resistant construction standards and
  designs for various levels of educational
  institutions
• Architectural designs incorporated provisions for
  physically handicapped students

16
Education Sector

• Improved Design
• Preferred designs having low maintenance
  requirement
• Quality Assurance by strictly following building
  codes
• Multi-tiered construction quality assurance
• Classroom sizes, their configurations and designs
  met internationally acceptable guidelines

17
Education Sector

• Provision of Additional Facilities
• Fully met requirements of institutions according
  to the current and future enrollment needs
• Provided appropriate water and sanitation
  facilities to all institutions from primary to
  college level.
• Separate toilets for students and teachers and
  separate for boys and girls in case of
  co-education.
• Double doors provided for each classroom.
• Boundary walls to maintain safety, security and
  privacy the campus.

18
Education Sector

• Better classroom support
• Adequate educational materials, furniture and
  equipment to each reconstructed institution on
  completion
• Provincial and district governments obligated to
  ensure allocation of adequate recurrent and
  maintenance budget

19
Education Sector

• Use of New Technologies
• In order to avoid damages in future seismic
  events, particularly in high seismic zones,
  following new light weight and fast track
  technologies have been used
• Light Gauge Cold Formed Steel Structures,
• SCIPS
• EPS
• There has been a high degree of acceptability
  amongst the end users

20
Education Sector

• Better and Improved Ownership
• Active participation of communities including
  teachers, parents and students in the
  reconstruction and management of schools
• Parents Teachers Associations (PTAs) and School
  Management Committees (SMCs) being empowered to
  utilize reconstruction and recurrent budget
  allocations

21
Education Sector

• Standardization of Furniture
• Very less furniture was available in Schools
  prior to the Earthquake
• Applying the criteria of durability, cost
  effectiveness and practicability, purpose-built
  furniture was designed and manufactured from
  TEVTA Workshop.

22
Education Sector

• Standardization of Furniture
• It had following special features-
• It would fit in traditional row seating and
  arranged in various combinations
• Child/user friendly and superior quality
• Standardized for all the institutions of EQAA of
  NWFP and AJK
• Fire resistant and easy to repair

23
Build Back Better in Water and Sanitation Sector

• Water Quality
• To bring about behavioral changes in favor of
  safe hygiene practices, and water quality
  monitoring and testing, a comprehensive project
  of Water Quality Improvement and Promotion of
  Hygiene (WAQIPH) has been launched in
  collaboration with UNICEF.
• Under this program, all completed water supply
  schemes are being tested against various
  physical, chemical, and biological parameters

24
Water and Sanitation Sector

• Water Quality
• 8 new water quality laboratories (4 each in AJK
  NWFP), in collaboration with WHO are at final
  stage of completion
• Sanitary inspection of all 4009 water supply
  schemes will be carried out, to check the quality
  of water being provided to the community
• Protective measures at source and household
  preventive techniques will be proposed

25
Water and Sanitation Sector

• Ensuring Sustainability Through Community
  Participation
• A total of 1326 schemes were executed through
  active community participation
• Hygiene promotion component will enhance
  awareness in community
• Will be implemented in about 2600 villages
  through Water Management Committees (WMCs)

26
Water and Sanitation Sector

• Promotion of Rainwater Harvesting.
• Before the earthquake of 2005, average coverage
  of water supply system was no more than 55.
• The devastating earthquake badly affected more
  than 4000 existing water supply schemes.
• Almost all water sources in the area were
  disrupted and 40decrease in the yield was also
  reported
• ERRA took initiative to promote decentralized,
  participatory and locale-specific rain water
  harvesting systems, which uses roof top rain
  water and snow melts

27
Water and Sanitation Sector

• Promotion of Rainwater Harvesting.
• Popularise rain water harvesting as a
  supplementary water source in earthquake affected
  areas of NWFP and AJK.
• Inculcate the habit of adopting rain water
  harvesting as a low cost technology with high
  cost returns especially during water stress
  circumstances
• Strengthen the capacities of the local masons to
  carry out the proposed interventions
  independently at the community level
• Document and disseminate the process, technical
  guidelines as well as the impact for replication

28
Water and Sanitation Sector

• Promotion of Rainwater Harvesting
• The provision of ample supply of water for
  domestic use will help in sanitation promotion
• In accordance with its Build Back Better policy,
  ERRA has prepared a plan to popularize Rain Water
  Harvesting (RWH) for daily use and agricultural
  purpose
• From an economic point of view, the residents
  using the facility will be able to break even in
  less than two years
• It is going to be first and largest initiative in
  public sector in Pakistan

29
Build Back Better in Road Sector

• 208 Km length of (4) four National Highways which
  connects affected areas with rest of the country
  are being reconstructed with wider widths (24 ft
  standard two lanes) and improved gradients for
  better safety and enhanced capacity
• All the structures and bridges being
  reconstructed as per new seismic codes.
• Special steps have been taken for stabilization
  of slopes which include both engineering and
  biological measures. In this regard two/three
  projects with the help of UNDP have been launched.

30
Road Sector

• 19 major inter/intra district roads (7 in AJK and
  12 in NWFP- 613 Km length) are being
  reconstructed with improved standards which
  include widening, grade improvement and
  strengthening pavement structures.
• 64 shingle roads having a length of 400 Km length
  are being black topped after strengthening of
  pavement.
• 4 single lane bridges are to be widened
• 10 New bridges with wider widths and heavier load
  capacities would be constructed

31
Road Sector

• 10 new roads in Shangla and Kohistan are being
  constructed to develop these backward districts
• 48 Compact-200 Steel Deck Bailey Bridges
  manufactured by UK having loading capacity of 40
  tons and design life of 50 years are under
  installation on link roads
• A state of art Extra-dozed Bridge is under
  construction in Muzaffarabad which will become a
  land mark feature of AJK capital

32
Power Sector

• Up-gradation of Power infrastructure and
  extension of power supply to more areas than
  before the earthquake.
• Construction of 13 New Hydroelectric Power Plants
  (25 50 KVA) for electrification of far flung
  areas in Kohistan which will reduce load on the
  National Grid.
• Electrification of 4 Union Councils in Shangla
  where electricity facility was not existent prior
  to earthquake
• Construction of a new Grid Station in the Shangla
  District.

33
Power Sector

• The capacity of Khattai Power Station
  (Muzaffarabad) has been doubled from 1.6 MV to
  3.2 MW similarly capacity of Jalkot Power Station
  (Kohistan) has been increased from 150 KV to 225
  KV.
• Reconstruction of all buildings including grid
  stations as per new seismic code.
• Modernization of grid station and other
  equipments by replacing these with the latest
  versions.

34
Telecommunication Sector

• Reconstruction of all Telecom Sector buildings in
  AJK as per new seismic standards.
• Replacement of all damaged equipment and telecom
  infrastructure with the latest equipment/infrastru
  cture.
• Replacement of 110 Km of damaged cable with
  optical fiber cable.
• The old Battery System exchanges in AJK have been
  replaced by digital exchanges. The capacity of
  exchanges has also been increased to provide
  telephone facility to large segment of
  population.
• Cell phone coverage has been extended to the
  whole of earthquake affected areas in AJK.

35
Build Back Better in Health Sector

• 137 prefabricated structures were constructed and
  support to Department of Health was provided
  alongwith provisions of medicines, emergency
  treatment equipment, doctors and paramedical
  staff
• Rationalized reconstruction and rehabilitation
  program was designed to ensure essential health
  service package and improved health care
  management and organization system
• To improve efficiency of the health care delivery
  system smaller units of service delivery
  including first aid posts, MCH Centre and TB
  Centers have been integrated in four-tier service
  delivery system

36
Build Back Better in Health Sector

• Service outlets of Ministry of Population Welfare
  including Family Welfare Centers (FWCs) and
  Reproductive Health Services-A (RHS-A) Centers
  have been provided with physical space and are
  being integrated in selected primary and referral
  health facilities.
• Based on the population health needs, the service
  package for each level of health facilities have
  been revised, with focus on both preventive and
  curative health services.
• The service packages have been divided into core
  and additional services depending upon the target
  population and staff availability.

37
Health Sector

• Psycho-social support is made part of Primary
  Health Care services.
• Blood transfusion unit including neurosurgery and
  dialysis units have been provided at AIMS
  Muzaffarabad.
• Special attention is given to ensure immunization
  of under five children by ensuring availability
  of well equipped EPI centers at each health
  facility i.e. refrigerator for storage of
  vaccines and coolers to be used during outreach
  activities.
• Also solar panels have been provided to ensure
  continuous electric supply

38
Health Sector

• Space for provision of nutrition advice
  especially for pregnant women and children has
  been ensured at each RHC and BHU levels.
• All health facilities have been made barrier free
  (disabled friendly) to ensure accessibility of
  Persons with Disabilities.
• 54 ambulances have been provided at different
  levels to improve referral services.
• Computers and office furniture has been provided
  to support management and operationalization
  system in health sector in all health offices
  i.e. DG, EDOs and DHOs.

39
Health Sector

• Number of beds at DHQ hospital have been
  increased from 1015 to 1745, at THQ hospital from
  260 to 550 beds, whereas, 20 to 25 beds have been
  provided in each RHC and 10 beds at BHU level.
• Separate waiting and service areas for male and
  female patients
• Essential equipment, including hospital furniture
  has been ensured in all health care facilities.

40
Health Sector

• Additional diagnostic and therapeutic services at
  different hospitals include CT Scan, MRI,
  uro-dynamics, blood transfusion, cardiology,
  pulmonology, gastroenterology, pediatric
  services, provision of specialized dental chair
  and dental x-ray.
• Also modern intensive care units including
  coronary care units have been provided at
  tertiary care units along with supporting
  services like incinerator, laundry, and water
  filtration plant.

41
Health Sector

• Disposal of infectious hospital waste has also
  been catered for by providing incinerators at
  different levels.
• Staff residences at all levels have also been
  provided specially at BHUs which is a major
  initiative at public sector

42
Health Sector

• After undergoing rationalization exercise, 75
  health care facilities have been upgraded to next
  level i.e. 2 DHQs, 7 THQs, 36 RHCs and 30 BHUs
• Efforts have been made to sensitize the
  respective departments to have a need assessment
  exercise for providing human resource to
  reconstructed and upgraded health facilities to
  ensure continuity and sustainability of
  interventions made in health sector

43
Build Back Better in Governance Sector

• Architectural designs have been developed to
  improve service delivery to general public
• Building facilities catering for future expansion
  and incorporating seismic resistance design.
• Service delivery to general public is also
  ensured by constructing District Government
  Complexes, where district administration offices
  are housed in one compound.
• Better amenities and working environments with
  enhanced space is provided

44
Build Back Better in Rural Housing

• Special Initiatives of the Rural Housing
  Programme
• MIS-based Indigenous Grievance Redressed and
  Tracking Mechanisms developed and used for
  Pakistans Post-Earthquake Rural Housing
  Reconstruction Program.
• Training Strategy Developing the Capacity to
  Implement Safer and Sustainable Housing
  Reconstruction
• Housing Standards - Appropriate earthquake
  resistant construction local solutions

45
Build Back Better in Rural Housing

• Special Initiatives of the Rural Housing
  Programme
• Mobilizing the Community Creating Awareness and
  Demand for Safer Buildings.
• Assistance and Inspection Regime. Enforcing
  building standards.
• Conservation and Regeneration of Cultural
  Heritage
• Reporting, Monitoring and Evaluation system

46
Build Back Better in Social Protection

• Up-Gradation of FWCs
• Legal Aid Centres at NWFP and AJK
• Establishment of Social Welfare Complexes with
  following
• Dar-ul-Aman.
• Basic Medical Centre.
• Psycho Social Support Center/ Child Protection.
• Centre (Functioning under UNICEF).
• Old People Home (Male/Female).

47
Build Back Better in Social Protection Sector

• Social Welfare Complexes in all affected
  Districts NWFP-
• Abbottabad,
• Mansehra,
• Battagram,
• Kohistan
• Shangla

48
Agriculture and Livestock Infrastructure

• Standardization of Designs
• Provision of Additional Facilities
• Reconstruction of ESMA on Modern Trends

49
Lessons Learnt

• Peoples confidence restored in improved service
  delivery in public sector institutions, however,
  increased demands of the communities for better
  built facilities adjacent to or within the
  affected areas but not affected by earthquake
• Substantive increase in recurring expenditure on
  sustainability and maintenance of the better
  built facilities as well as better service
  delivery.

50
Lessons Learnt

• Helpful in mainstreaming of the neglected/under
  developed communities
• Holistic approach should be adopted and all
  facilities of the affected areas should be
  improved whether affected or otherwise in order
  to minimize the level of discontentment/discrimina
  tion from within the communities

51

• Questions?