Poverty Assessments of Credit with Education clients

1
Poverty Assessments of Credit with Education
clients

• CGAP Poverty Assessment Tool (PAT)
• Madagascar - 45 clients poorest tercile
• Bolivia - 39 clients poorest tercile
• National Poverty Line (index of basic needs)
• Bolivia - 73 of CRECER client households
  classified as below national poverty line
• Participatory Wealth Ranking
• Mali - 70-75 client households described
  as vulnerable to or experiencing
  food insecurity

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Limitations of Existing Methodsfor Managers
for Donors

• Cost of data collection
• Complexity of analysis

• Comparability of results across MFIs and
  countries/regions

3
To Serve Both External and Internal Needs

• Define poverty in absolute (rather than
  relative) terms that are meaningful and
  comparable for diverse settings
• Develop a menu of methods to measure poverty in
  ways that require a minimum of data collection
  and could be analyzed and interpreted by
  non-specialists.

4
Food Security Classifications
5
Food Security Scales

• Specific conditions, experiences, behaviors that
  consistently characterize phenomenon of food
  insecurity and hunger such as
• anxiety that food/money may be insufficient
• experience of running out of food w/out money for
  more
• substituting fewer or cheaper foods
• reduced food intake - skip meals, smaller meal
  size

6
USDA Food Security Scales

• 18-item scale, 6-item scale (for households
  without children) and 1-item scale.
• Demonstrated validity in comparison to household
  and individual caloric and nutrient intakes, food
  inventory and economic measures such as household
  food expenditures and weekly household income.
• UC Davis researchers have refined for use in
  Mexico and other developing world settings.

7
Food Sufficiency Question One-item Scale

• Which one of the following statements best
  describes the food eaten in your household?
• A) Enough and the kinds of food we want to eat
• B) Enough but not always what we want to eat
• C) Sometimes not enough to eat
• D) Often not enough to eat
• Single question shown to be closely correlated to
  more detailed dietary intake information

8
Validation of Food Security Scales

• Test the validity of one-item and ten-item food
  security scales for identifying poor and very
  poor households
• compared to LSMS (Living Standards Measurement
  Survey of World Bank)
• to determine those living on US1 and US2 per
  day.

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Food Security ScalesSteps in Testing

• Construct household consumption component of the
  survey instrument
• Focus groups to construct appropriate and valid
  items for food security scales (specific wording
  of questions and response categories)
• Household survey (approx. 300) client households
  in three CwE sites - Bolivia, Burkina Faso and
  Ghana