School Counseling History

1
School Counseling History

• Dr. Steve Rainey
• Kent State University

2
Tonights Plan

• People in History
• Historical Events
• Current Trends
• Ethical Decision Making

3
Historical People

• Frank Parsons
• Father of Guidance
• Boston Vocational Bureau (1908)
• Choosing a Vocation (1909)
• Jesse B. Davis
• Formal Program in Schools (1898)
• John Dewey
• First to see school role in the social arena
• E.G. Williamson
• Trait Factor (directive counseling)
• Carl Rogers
• Client Centered (Non-directive counseling)

4
Historical Events

• Testing
• IQ
• Army Alpha/Beta
• Group Administration
• George-Barden Act
• for guidance and counseling in schools
• Sputnik
• National Panic
• Led to NDEA

5
Historical Events

• Title 5 of NDEA
• Public education needed to increase testing of
  aptitude
• Early ID of student potential
• Get kids to stay in school/achieve/go to college
• Led to scholarships
• to universities to develop programs
• to increase math, science, foreign lang.
• to grad students who wanted to teach in
  college
• Support to improve guidance programs in secondary
  schools.

6
Historical Events

• Counseling Boom (1958 1963)
• Increase in number of counselors
• Counselor/student ratio decreased
• 400 counseling institutes formed
• expenditures increased by school districts
  for counseling
• Counseling theories began developing
• Rogers
• Ellis
• Maslow

7
Historical Events

• Public Law 94-142 (1975)
• Special Education Law
• Buckley Amendment (1974)
• Family Educational Rights Act (FERPA)
• A Nation at Risk (1983)
• 1980s version of Sputnik
• Kicked off the Accountability Age

8
Current Trends

• Education Trust
• School to Work
• National Certification
• National Board for Professional Teaching
  Standards (NBPTS)
• National Board of Certified Counselors (NBCC)
• Search for Identity/Role
• Educator who counsels?
• Counselor who works in a school?