Age of Early European Explorations

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The Age of Early European Explorations Conquests
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Motives for European Exploration

1. Gold
2. Glory
3. God.

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New Maritime Technologies
Better Maps
Hartman Astrolabe(1532)
Mariners Compass
Sextant
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New Weapons Technology
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Prince Henry, the Navigator

• School for Navigation, 1419

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Portuguese Maritime Empire

1. Exploring the west coast of Africa.
2. Bartolomeo Dias, 1487. Rounded Africas southern
   tip
3. Vasco da Gama, 1498. All water route to India

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Christofo Colon 1451-1506
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Columbus Four Voyages
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Ferdinand Magellan the First Circumnavigation
of the WorldEarly 16c
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Atlantic Explorations
Looking for El Dorado
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The First Spanish ConquestsThe Aztecs
vs.
Fernando Cortez
Montezuma II
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Mexico Surrenders to Cortez
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The First Spanish Conquests
The Incas
vs.
Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa
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Columbian Exchange
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The Columbian Exchange
Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine
Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE
Syphilis
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice
Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley
Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats
Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE
Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox
Flu Typhus Measles Malaria
Diptheria Whooping Cough
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Treasuresfrom the Americas!
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Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
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The Slave Trade

• Existed in Africa before the coming of the
  Europeans.
• Portuguese replaced European slaves with
  Africans.
• Sugar cane sugar plantations.
• First boatload of African slaves brought by the
  Spanish in 1518.
• 275,000 enslaved Africans exportedto other
  countries.
• Between 16c 19c, about 10 million Africans
  shipped to the Americas.

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Slave Ship
Middle Passage
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Coffin Position Below Deck
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European Empires in the Americas
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The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native Indians
Black Slaves
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Administration of the Spanish Empire in the New
World

1. Encomienda or forced labor.
2. Amerindians Worked for an owner for a certain
   number of days per week, but retained parcels to
   work for self

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The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church
Our Lady of Guadalupe
Guadalajara Cathedral
Spanish Mission
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The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
Goal Spain sought to secure CCs discoveries in
the New World Provisions New World divided btw
Sp and Portugal Portugal was granted exclusive
rights to the African slave trade (asiento) N-S
line drawn down middle of Atlantic
Ocean SpWest of line PortEast Portugal
retained Brazil and claims to Africa and Sp got
rest of New World
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Father Bartolome de Las Casas

• New Laws ? 1542

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New Colonial Rivals

• Portugal lacked the numbers and wealth to
  dominate trade in the Indian Ocean.
• Spain in Asia ? consolidated its holdings in the
  Philippines.
• First English expedition to the Indies in 1591.
• Surat in NW India in 1608.
• Dutch arrive in India in 1595.

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New Colonial Rivals
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Impact of European Expansion

1. Native populations ravaged by disease.
2. Influx of gold, and especially silver, into
   Europe created an inflationary economic
   climate.Price Revolution
3. New products introduced across the continents
   Columbian Exchange.
4. Deepened colonial rivalries.

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5. New Patterns of World Trade