FRBR: the Future of the Library Catalog

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• A presentation by
• Martha Rice Sanders
• Mary Wu
• May 10, 2005
• Massachusetts Library Association

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• FRBR is not
• A set of Cataloging rules
• MARC, Dublin Core or any other Mark-up Language
• Data value standards

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• What is FRBR
• Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
• A conceptual model for catalogs developed by IFLA
  Study Group on FRBR
• An entity-relationship (E-R) model
• Defines the functional requirements of cataloging
  records in relation to user needs/tasks

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• Four User Tasks
• 1. Find
• 2. Identify
• 3. Select
• 4. Obtain

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• FRBR Entities
• Group 1 Products of intellectual and artistic
• endeavor
• Group 2 Those responsible for the intellectual
  and
• artistic content
• Group 3 Subjects of works

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• FRBR Hierarchical Structure
• Work is realized through
• Expression is embodied in
• Manifestation is
  exemplified by
• 
  Item

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog
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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• Why FRBR
• Structured displays can highlight relationships
• FRBRized OPAC can navigate users in complex
  information spaces
• It is hoped that FRBR can reduce cataloging costs

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• Catalog search The lord of the rings
• Results 40
• Author Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald
  Reuel),
• 1892-1973
• Title The lord of the rings
• Material type (w1) Original works (22)
• (w2) Motion pictures (8)
• (w3) Symphonies (7)
• (w4) Reviews/Biographies
  (3)

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• Author Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald
  Reuel),
• 1892-1973
• Title The lord of the rings
• Subject Middle earth (Imaginary place)
  Fiction
• Content Full text

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• The lord of the rings
• (e 1) English
• (m) 1. The lord of the rings Houghton
  Mifflin 1975?,
• c1966
• (m) 2. The lord of the rings - George Allen
  Unwin
• c1954-1955, 1955 printing
• (e 2) Finnish
• (m) 1. Taru sormusten herrasta WSOY 1985
• (e 3) Recorded Book
• (m) 1. The lord of the rings

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• Title The lord of the rings / by J.
  R. R. Tolkien
• Edition Collectors ed. 2nd rev.ed
• Publication
• Information Boston b Houghton Mifflin, c
  1975?, c1966
• Extent 3 v. in 1 (423, 352, 440 p.)
  map
• Note v. 1 The fellowship of the ring
  v.2 The two towers
• v.3 The return of the king
• Subject Middle earth (Imaginary place)
  Fiction
• ISBN 0395248677

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• The lord of the rings
• (e 1) English
• (m) 1. The lord of the rings Houghton
  Mifflin 1975?,
• c1966
• (m) 2. The lord of the rings - George Allen
  Unwin
• c1954-1955, 1955 printing
• (e 2) Finnish
• (m) 1. Taru sormusten herrasta WSOY 1985
• (e 3) Recorded Book
• 1. The lord of the rings

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• Title The lord of the rings /
  by J. R. R. Tolkien
• Edition Collectors ed. 2nd
  rev.ed
• Publication London b George Allen
  Unwin,
• Information 1954-1955, 1955 printing
• Extent 3 v. (423, 352, 440 p.)
  map
• Note v. 1 The fellowship of
  the ring v.2 The two
• towers v.3 The
  return of the king
• Subject Middle earth (Imaginary
  place) Fiction
• ISBN 0425082577

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• The lord of the rings
• (e 1) English
• (m) 1. The lord of the rings Houghton
  Mifflin 1975?,
• c1966
• (m) 2. The lord of the rings - George Allen
  Unwin
• c1954-1955, 1955 printing
• (e 2) Finnish
• (m) 1. Taru sormusten herrasta WSOY 1985
• (e 3) Recorded Book
• 1. The lord of the rings

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• The lord of the rings
• (e) Recorded Books Read by Rob Inglis
• (m) The lord of the rings Read by Rob
  Inglis,
• c1998

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• Title The lord of the rings Sound
  recording / J. R. R.
• Tolkien
• Publication
• Information New York Recorded Books, c1998
• Extent 46 sound discs (52 hrs.)
  digital 4 ¾ in.
• Subject Middle Earth (Imaginary place)
  Drama
• Note Unabridged
• Note Compact disc
• Add author Inglis, Rob

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• Catalog search The lord of the rings
• Results 35
• Author Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald
  Reuel),
• 1892-1973
• Title The lord of the rings
• Material type (w1) Original works (22)
• (w2) Motion pictures (8)
• (w3) Symphonies (7)
• (w4) Reviews/Biographies
  (3)

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• Title The lord of the rings. Motion
  picture
• Note Based on the novel by J. R. R.
  Tolkien
• Note Rated PG
• Add author Conkling, Chris
• Subject Feature films
• Material type Projected material
• The lord of the rings. Motion picture
• (e) 1. Directed by Ralph Bakshi, 1978
• (e) 2. Directed by Peter Jackson, 2001
• (e) 3. Screen play by Chris Conkling

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• The lord of the rings. Motion picture
• Project medium
• (e) 1. Directed by Ralph Bakshi,
  1978
• (m) 1. The lord of the rings
  Warner Bros. Family
• Entertainment, 2001.
• (m) 2. The lord of the rings New
  Line Home Entertainment,
• 2002.
• (e) 2. Directed by Peter Jackson,
  2001
• (e) 3. Screen play by Chris
  Conkling

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• Title The lord of the rings
  videorecording / Fantasy presents
• a film by Ralph Bakshi, a Saul
  Zaentz production.
• Publication
• Information Burbank, CA Warner Bros. Family
  Entertainment, 2001 .
• Extent 2 videodiscs (133 min.) sd.,
  col. 4 ¾ in
• Note Videodisc release of a 1978
  motion picture
• Subject Feature films
• Publisher
• Number 14176 Warner

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• The lord of the rings. Motion picture
• Project medium
• (e) 1. Directed by Ralph Bakshi,
  1978
• (m) 1. The lord of the rings
  Warner Bros. Family
• Entertainment, 2001.
• (m) 2. The lord of the rings New
  Line Home Entertainment,
• 2002.
• (e) 2. Directed by Peter Jackson,
  2001
• (e) 3. Screen play by Chris
  Conkling

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• Title The lord of the rings a
  screenplay / Chris
• Conkling
• Publication
• Information Los Angeles Fotonovel
  Publications,
• c1979.
• Extent 192 p. chiefly ill. c 18
  cm.
• Subject Middle Earth (Imaginary place)
  Drama
• Note Based on the novels The lord of
  the rings
• by J.R.R. Tolkien

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• Catalog search The lord of the rings
• Results 35
• Author Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald
  Reuel),
• 1892-1973
• Title The lord of the rings
• Material type (w1) Original works (22)
• (w2) Motion pictures (8)
• (w3) Symphonies (7)
• (w4) Reviews/Biographies
  (3)

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• Author Meij, Johan de, 1953
• Title Symphony no. 1 the lord of
  the rings
• Subject Symphonies (Band)
• Subject Suites (Band), Arranged
• Material type Musical sound recording
• (e) 1. Dr. Robert J. Cesarion,
  Conductor Rice Symphonic
• band.
• (e) 2. Arie Van Beek, Conductor
  Amsterdam Wind
• Orchestra

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• Symphony no. 1 the lord of the rings
• Musical sound recording
• (e) 1. Dr. Robert J. Cesarion, Conductor
  Rice Symphonic band
• (m) 1. Symphony no. 1 the lord of the
  rings Amstel
• Classics, 1999.
• (m) 2. Symphony no. 1 the lord of the
  rings Rondo
• Grammofon, 1995.
• (e) 2. Arie Van Beek, Conductor Amsterdam
  Wind Orchestra

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• Title Symphony no. 1 sound
  recording the lord of the rings /
• Conducted by Dr. Robert J.
  Cesarion
• Publication
• Information Wormerveer, Netherlands Amstel
  Classics, 1999 .
• Extent 1 sound disc ( 42 min.)
  digital 4 3/4 in.
• Note Amsterdam Wind Orchestra.
• Note Recorded October 3-6, 1990,
  Morgensterkerk, Wormerveer, The
• Netherlands
• Subject Symphonies (Band)
• Publisher
• Number CD 9901 Amstel Classics

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FRBR Application to Serials

• Work a serial work identifier
• Expressions specific semantic
  representation
• Manifestations original print
• reprint
• microfilm
  reproduction
• CD-ROM
• remote e-versions
  such as in pdf flies
• Items each subscription/copy held

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FRBR Application to Serials

• Work id1
• status continuing resources
• expression 1
• content full text
• title New York Times
• id 1.1
• Manifestation 1
• format paper
• id 1.1.1
• Manifestation 2
• format microfilm
• id 1.1.2
• expression 2
• content selected articles
• title New York Times
• id 1.2
• Manifestation 1
  Manifestation 2

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Possible Approaches

• 100 1 Tolkien, J.R.R. q (John Ronald Reuel),
  d 1892-1973
• 240 10 Lord of the rings. l Persian
• 245 10 Farmåanravåa-yi òhalqahhåa b Bakhsh-i
  duvvåum,
• dåu burj / c J.R.R. Tåalkåin,
  tarjumah-i RiózåAlåizådah.
• 250 Chåap-i 1.
• 260 Tihråan b Råuzanah, c 1381 2002
• 300 683 p. c 20 cm.
• 505 0 The fellowship of the ring -- The two
  towers -- The return
• of the king.
• 650 0 Middle Earth (Imaginary place) v
  Fiction.
• 700 0 Alåizåadah, Riózåa.

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Possible Approaches

• Split bibliographic records into 3 separate
  records (work record, expression record,
  manifestation record)
• Not defined by MARC standard
• Implications for record loading and output
• New way of thinking for cataloging staff?
• Add data to existing records to define which the
  data comprising Group 1 entities (work,
  expression)
• Not defined by MARC standard
• Less disruptive to cataloging staff?

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VTLS Work Record2 Expressions 2 English
Manifestions
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VTLS Manifestation Record
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VTLS Item Records
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Innovative Solution

• Automatically build keys that define the group
  one entities appropriate to a bibliographic
  record
• WebOPAC will provide FRBR access via keys
• Millennium will automatically create keys for all
  bibliographic records
• Using OCLCs FRBR Work-Set Algorithm as a
  starting point
• http//www.oclc.org/research/software/frbr/
• Future development may include a more complex
  linked records approach

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Group 1 Key

• Work
• Author 100, 110 or 111 (author subfields only)
• Title 130, 240, 243 or 245 (title subfields
  only)
• Date of work 130, 240, 243 or 245 (subfields d,
  f)
• Form of work 130, 240, 243 or 245 (subfield k)
• Other distinguishing characteristics 130, 240 or
  243 (subfield s)
• Medium of performance 130, 240 or 243 (subfield
  m)
• Key for music 130 or 240 or 243 subfield r  
• Coordinates 255 subfield c
• Keys also built for analytical entries
• Some elements may be blank

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Group 1 Key, continued

• Expression
• 1-8. Work key
• 9. Form of expression leader byte 06
• 10. Language of expression 130, 240 or 243
  subfield l or 008/35-37
• 11. Other distinguishing characteristic 130 or
  240 or
• 243 subfield o, or 245 subfield s
• 12. Type of score 254 subfield a
• 13. Scale 255 subfield a

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What about the manifestation?

• A key is not built the balance of the record is
  considered to be manifestation data

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What about the manifestation?

• A key is not built the balance of the record is
  considered to be manifestation data

What about items?

• The items are still stored as attached records

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Highly FRBR-izable

• Popular fiction
• Classic literature
• Music
• Things with a uniform title
• Studies show 15-20 of library catalogs are
  FRBR-izable

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Example Keys

• LEADER ncm 22 a 4500
• 008 840417s1981 nyuopc n eng
• 100 1 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus,d1756-1791.
• 240 10 Zauberflöte.lEnglish
• 245 14 The magic flute bDie Zauberflöte an
  opera in two acts /cmusic by W.A. Mozart the
  original text by Emanuel Schikaneder and Carl
  Ludwig Giesecke English translation by Earl
  Snow.
• Work Key mozartwolfgangamadeus17561791
  zauberflote
• Expression Key mozartwolfgangamadeus17561791zau
  berfloteceng

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Example Keys

• LEADER njm 22I 4500
• 008 790525s1965 gw opnn dh n 0 germ
• 100 10 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus,d1756-1791
• 240 10 Zauberflöte
• 245 14 Die ZauberflötebOper in zwei Aufzügen
• Work Key mozartwolfgangamadeus17561791
  zauberflote
• Expression Key mozartwolfgangamadeus17561791zau
  berflotejger

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In WebOPAC

• Provide a logical grouping of bibliographic
  records that would allow users to target the
  desired entity more quickly and easily
• Search for author Mozart, Wolfgang would
  include a FRBR entry for Zauberflöte in the
  results

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In WebOPAC
Items

• Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 1756-1791.
  Zauberflöte
• Score. English
• Port Jefferson, N.Y. E. Snow, c1981.

LOCATION CALL STATUS Main Stacks M1503.M939
Z32 1981 Check Shelf Music Library M1503.M939
Z32 1981 Due 3-3-04
The magic flute Die Zauberflöte an opera in
two acts / music by W.A. Mozart the original
text by Emanuel Schikaneder and Carl Ludwig
Giesecke English translation by Earl Snow. 1
vocal score (167 p.) c28 cm.
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MillenniumStandard browse
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MillenniumFRBR tree view
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StandardWeb OPAC
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Web OPACwith FRBR
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Bib (manifestation)with FRBR map
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Challenges?

• Cataloging workload and thought process
• Currently, the manifestation is cataloged as a
  whole
• Record sharing
• How to FRBR-ize pre-existing records in system?
• Not all records benefit from FRBR
• FRBR is appropriate for different works in
  different libraries
• A work may become a good FRBR candidate long
  after initially cataloged
• Superworks
• Works that have been adapted multiple times
  (e.g., Romeo and Juliet)

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Planned availability Release 2005
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• FRBR document
• http//www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.pdf
• (or Google frbr ifla)
• Another current FRBR project
• RLGs RedLightGreen
• http//www.redlightgreen.com/

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FRBR the Future of the Library Catalog

• FRBR related projects
• FRBR work-set Algorithm http//www.oclc.org/resea
  rch/projects/frbr/algorithm.htm
• FRBR display tool by LC
• http//www.loc.gov/marc/marc-functional-analys
  is/tool.html
• OCLC FictionFinder http//www.oclc.org/research/p
  rojects/frbr/fictionfinder.htm

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Thank you!

• Martha Rice Sanders
• Mary Wu
• With thanks to Claudia Conrad of III and John
  Espley of VTLS