Living vs Non Living

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Living vs Non Living
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• What defines whether an object is living or non
  living?
• In the case of a desk and a cat it is easy to
  know, but what about a virus?
• Clouds move, water flows and mice run? Are they
  all living organisms?

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Characteristics of Living Organisms

• In order for something to be considered living it
  has to complete a number of processes, that is
  there are certain things it MUST be or do in
  order for it to be classified as living

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• Living things are organized
• Even one celled organisms (unicellular) such as
  bacteria are highly organized, they contain parts
  that allow them to carry on all life functions
• Living things respond to stimuli
• A stimuli is something that produces a response.
• For example plants grow towards the light. The
  light is the stimulus

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• 3. Living things use energy
• They breakdown food to release energy for the
  living processes such as movement, growth,
  maintaining homeostasis, reproduction
• 4. Growth and development
• All living things grow, it may be an increase in
  cell size for bacteria or an increase in the
  number of cells for animals.
• Living organisms have a length of time they are
  expected to live for , this is called their life
  span.

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• 5. Reproduction
• There are two types of reproduction
• Asexual with one parent
• Sexual with two parents
• Living organisms carry out all these processes,
  but do clouds? Does water?

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Requirements

• All living things require a place to live
• Somewhere that provides for all its needs and
  shelter
• Raw materials
• Water
• Protein amino acids
• Carbohydrates sugar
• Nucleic acids DNA/RNA hereditary material
• Fats
• And other materials
• CHONPS

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Vocabulary

• Metabolism - all processes in body in which
  energy is released or used including
  breakdown/digestion of food.
• Excretion - All living organisms must get rid of
  waste matter (undigested food/urine) this is
  called excretion
• Transport -Transport means movement of materials
  around the cell, body as well as movement from
  place to place. Not all living organisms move
  from place to place plants are stationary
• Homeostasis is the bodies ability to maintain a
  relatively stable internal environment even
  though the world around it is changing
• Organic Compounds are compounds that contain
  carbon to hydrogen bonds.

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Questions

• Name 5 life processes.
• Why is reproduction necessary for the survival of
  every group of organisms?
• How is the structure of all living organisms the
  same?
• What life processes are involved in the following
  activities a baby taking its first steps, a frog
  eating a mosquito, a plant producing seeds?
• What would happen to a cell that could not
  metabolism?

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Where Does life Come from?

• All life comes from preexisting life this is
  called
• biogenesis Louis Pasteur
• But where did the very first life form come from?
• There are many different theories.
• Until Louis Pasteur - most widely supported
  hypothesis was spontaneous generation

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The Universe

• Earth is thought to be about 4.6 billion years
  old.
• Fossil records indicate that first life forms
  appeared 3.4 billion years ago.
• Oparin described earths early atmosphere as being
  hot with lots of lightening and temps above
  boiling point (energy source), the air was
  composed of ammonia, hydrogen gas, methane (CH4)
  and water vapor.

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• These high temperatures and lightening provided
  energy for reactions between these compounds
  leading to the formation of amino acids and other
  simple organic compounds- fats
• According to Oparin as the world cooled and water
  vapor condensed to form lakes and seas these
  organic compounds collected in the water to form
  the primordial soup
• From these organic compounds the earliest life
  forms evolved the archeabacteria, bacteria that
  are able to live and reproduce in extreme
  environments

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• In 1953 Stanley Miller and Harold Urey tested
  Oparins hypothesis. They set up an experiment
  that simulated earths early atmosphere and were
  able to form simple organic compounds.
• Other theories organic compounds were brought
  to earth by meteorites