Exploration Systems Mission Directorate

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• Exploration Systems Mission Directorate

The Vision for U.S. Space Exploration AMS-02
Technical Interchange Meeting - KSC
Terri L. Lomax, Ph.D. Deputy Associate
Administrator, Research January 13, 2004
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The Vision for U.S. Space Exploration
THE FUNDAMENTAL GOAL OF THIS VISION IS TO ADVANCE
U.S. SCIENTIFIC, SECURITY, AND ECONOMIC INTEREST
THROUGH A ROBUST SPACE EXPLORATION PROGRAM
Implement a sustained and affordable human and
robotic program to explore the solar system and
beyond Extend human presence across the solar
system, starting with a human return to the Moon
by the year 2020, in preparation for human
exploration of Mars and other destinations Develo
p the innovative technologies, knowledge, and
infrastructures both to explore and to support
decisions about the destinations for human
exploration and Promote international and
commercial participation in exploration to
further U.S. scientific, security, and economic
interests.
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Realizing the Future Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond

• Foster and sustain the exploration culture across
  generations
• Open new frontiers
• Continuing and inspiring
• A constant impetus to educate and train
• Identify, develop, and apply advanced
  technologies to
• Enable exploration and discovery
• Allow the public to actively participate in the
  journey
• Translate the benefits of these technologies to
  improve life on Earth
• Harness the brain power
• Engage the nations science and engineering
  assets
• Motivate successive generations of students to
  pursue science, math, engineering and technology
• Create the tools to facilitate broad national
  technical participation
• International Cooperation
• Promote common objectives and cooperative/compleme
  ntary efforts for space
  exploration
• Utilize international capabilities to help close
  capability gaps and develop breakthrough
  technologies

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Vision for Space Exploration Key Presidential
Direction

• 1. Return the Shuttle to safe flight as soon as
  practical, based on CAIB recommendations
• 2. Use Shuttle to complete ISS assembly 
• 3. Retire the Shuttle after assembly complete
  (2010 target) 
• 4. Focus ISS research to support exploration
  goals understanding space environment and
  countermeasures 
• 5. Meet foreign commitments 
• 6. Undertake lunar exploration to support
  sustained human and robotic exploration of Mars
  and beyond
• 7. Series of robotic missions to Moon by 2008 to
  prepare for human exploration
• 8. Expedition to lunar surface as early as 2015
  but no later than 2020 
• 9. Use lunar activities to further science, and
  test approaches (including lunar resources) for
  exploration to Mars  beyond
• 10. Conduct robotic exploration of Mars to
  prepare for future expedition 
• 11. Conduct robotic exploration across solar
  system to search for life, understand history of
  universe, search for resources
• 12. Conduct advanced telescope searches for
  habitable environments around other stars
• 13. Demonstrate power, propulsion, life support
  capabilities for long duration, more distant
  human and robotic missions
• 14. Conduct human expeditions to Mars after
  acquiring adequate knowledge and capability
  demonstrations
• 15. Develop a new Crew Exploration Vehicle
  flight test before end of decade human
  exploration capability by 2014
• Separate cargo from crew as soon as practical to
  support ISS acquire crew transport to ISS after
  Shuttle retirement
• Pursue international participation
• Pursue commercial opportunity for transportation
  and other services

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Exploration Systems ImplementationKey Objectives
Milestones

• Objectives
• Implement a sustained and affordable human and
  robotic program
• Extend human presence across the solar system and
  beyond
• Develop supporting innovative technologies,
  knowledge, and infrastructures
• Promote international and commercial
  participation in exploration
• Major Exploration Systems Milestones
• 2008 Initial flight test of CEV
• 2008 Launch first lunar robotic orbiter
• 2009-2010 Robotic mission to lunar surface
• 2011 First uncrewed CEV flight
• 2014 First crewed CEV flight
• 2015-2020 First human mission to the Moon
• 2025-2035 First human mission to Mars

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Building on Past Findings

• Packard Commission Findings
• Get operators and technologists together to
  enable the leveraging of cost-performance trades
• Apply technology to lower cost of system, not
  just to increase its performance
• Mature technology prior to entering engineering
  and systems development
• Partnerships with Industry to identify innovative
  solutions
• Report of the DSB/AFSAB (Young Report)
• Requirements definition and control are dominant
  drivers of cost, schedule, and risk in space
  systems development programs

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Implementing the Vision for Space
Exploration One Step at a Time

• New Way of Doing Business Enables Affordability
  Sustainability
• Spiral Development employs technology to enable
  each successive step
• Focused on System-of-Systems needed for
  Exploration
• Paced by experience, technology readiness and
  flexibility
• Implement Strategy-to-Task-to-Technology Process
• Requirements-driven technology investment
• Employ innovative acquisition strategies
• Commercial Service Providers, Data buys
• Government/industry partnerships
• International participation
• Rigorous acquisition strategy and execution
• Management rigor
• Consistency of purpose
• Disciplined processes
• Use the Vision to Transform NASA
• Focus Agency on a long term space vision
• Employ an integrated agency approach
• Leverage talent, experience and leadership
  recent successes and demonstrated management
  reforms
• Maintain passion and commitment to succeed

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Developing Requirements and an Investment
PlanStrategy-to-Task-to-Technology Process
Nations Vision
NSPD
Operational Environments
Available Technologies
Affordable System Design Development
Science Objectives Concepts of Operations
Mission Concepts Requirements
Tasks Technology Roadmaps
Modeling/Simulation
Deficiencies
System Requirement Documents
Modeling Simulation
Required Features Characteristics
Investment Plan
Trade Studies
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Project Constellation Acquisition Spirals
2005
2010
2020
2015
2025
TBD
- Crewed Access to Low Earth Orbit - Robotic
Exploration, Lunar
- Crewed Exploration, Lunar Extended
Duration - Robotic Exploration, Mars

• Crewed Exploration, Lunar Long Duration
• Robotic Exploration, Mars

SPIRAL CAPABILITY

• Other Potential Capabilities

• Crewed Exploration, Mars Surface

ESRT
SYSTEM ENGINEERING
RT DEVELOPMENT
PNST
ESRT Exploration Systems Research
Technology PNST Prometheus Nuclear Systems
Technology HRST Human System Research
Technology
HSRT
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Constellation Program AcquisitionStrategy
Overview (Baseline)
MS C Crewed CEV Flight 2014
MS B Program Initiation FY06
MS A Tech Devmt (RFP) Q3 FY05
Pre-MS A Concept Ref (BAA) Q4 FY04
Design Readiness Review /Demo 2008
Uncrewed CEV Flight 2011
Pre MS A (RFI) Q3 FY04

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2015 (Objective) 2020 (Threshold)

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Target Moon
OSP
NGLT
Down Select
System Development Integration
System Development Demonstration
Early Contractor Involvement
Mars
Prometheus
Tech Maturation
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Near-Term Acquisition StrategyTechnology
Integration System Development
FY 08
FY 05
FY 04
FY 06
FY 07
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
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Q2
Q3
Q4
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Q2
Q3
Q4
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Government Requirements Development
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2
3
Iteration 1
CEV Level 1 Requirements
CEV Level 2 Reqs
Industry Support
RFI / Exploration Systems
Release
Center Tasks
BAA / Project Constellation Exploration
Refinement
Award
Release
Exercise Option
CER BAA
Tech Maturation SBIR 2004/5 Solicitation
05 Ph II Award
05 Ph I Award
05 PH I Release
04 Ph II Award
04 Ph I Award
04 PH I Release
BAA

SBIR/STTR 2004 Solicitation/
Tech Development - Repeats until 2009
BAA
Award
Release
Award
Release
BAA/ Tech Maturation/ ASTP - Tech Development /
Risk Reduction
BAA
Tech Development / Risk Reduction
BAA
RFP / CEV Spiral 1
MS B - Program Initiation
MS A
CEV 2008 Demo/PDR Down-select to Single
Contractor Concept
RFP Awards
RFP Release
PDR
SDR
SRR
Detailed Design Dev
2008 Demo Dev/Spiral 1 (2014 Manned Flight)
Preliminary Design Contractor A
CEV RFP
2008 Demo Dev/Spiral 1 (2014 Manned Flight)
Preliminary Design Contractor B
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Constellation Systems -- One ExampleSpiral
Acquisition Process
Systems Engineering
Vision
1st Human Moon Mission

• CEV Init Flt
• 1st Launch Lunar
• Robotic Orbiter

1st Crewed CEV Flt
1st Uncrewed CEV Flt
Spiral 1
Requirements
Crewed Space Flight in LEO
Production
Production
Operations
System Development and Demonstration
Operations
System Development and Demonstration
Level 0, 1
Concept
Technology
Technology
Deployment
Deployment
Support
Support
System
System
Development
Refinement
System
System
Development
Design
Design
Readiness
Readiness
FRP
FRP
Integration
Demonstration
Integration
Demonstration
Concept
OTE
OTE
Review
Decision
Review
Decision
Decision
Spiral 2
Requirements
Program
Moon Ext. Duration (2015-2020)
Initiation
Production
System Development and Demonstration
Production
System Development and Demonstration
Operations
Operations
Technology
Concept
Technology
Level 0, 1
Deployment
Deployment
Support
Refinement
Support
System
System
Design
Development
System
System
Design
Development
Readiness
FRP
Readiness
FRP
Integration
Demonstration
Integration
Demonstration
Concept
Review
OTE
Review
OTE
Decision
Decision
Decision
Tech Maturation for Spiral insertion
Spiral Nth
Mars (2020)
Critical Milestones
Non-advocacy Reviews Independent Cost Reviews
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Implementing the Vision for Space
ExplorationMajor System Accomplishments to Date

• Constellation Super-System, CEV Preliminary
  Level 1 requirements and Concepts of Operations
  developed utilizing rigorous process
• Strategy-to-Task-to-Technology (STT) process
  adopted as basis for prioritized investment
  strategy
• Operational Advisory Group (OAG) established,
  populated, and led by operational users
  (astronauts, flight directors, logisticians,
  etc.) to validate requirements and priorities
• Spirals 1, 2, 3 Requirements Identified
  (Decreasing definition from Spiral 1 to Spiral 3)
• CEV RFP process initiated with target award date
  of Aug 05
• CER Contractor Teams influencing tech
  requirements acquisition strategy
• JIMO spacecraft contract awarded September 20
• HSRT successfully demonstrated critical
  technologies
• Advanced Ultrasound diagnostic tool demonstrated
  Telemedicine from ISS
• E-nose technology for air quality event
  monitoring successfully validated on ISS
• Hubble Robotic Servicing Mission contract
  awarded October 1
• SBIR Phase II 125 contracts - July

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Vision Requires System-of-Systems
IntegrationCross-Agency Coordination
Integration
The Human an Essential Element of the System of
Systems
Surface and
Transit and
Orbital Systems
Launch Systems
Crew
Transport
Crew
Surface
Support
Landing
Mobility
Systems
Launch
Comm/Nav
Biomedical Countermeasures
Telescope
Mars
and Limits
Candidates
Candidates
Pre-Positioned
Long-Duration
Propellants
Habitation
Outer Moons Candidates
Resource Identification
Surface Power and
and Characterization
Resource Utilization
Commonality/Evolvability
Supporting Research
Technology Options
For Future Missions
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Exploration Systems Mission Directorate Merger
Effective 1 August 2004 NASAs Office of
Biological and Physical Research merged with the
Office of Exploration Systems to form the
Exploration Systems Mission Directorate

• Office of Biological and Physical Research
• Mission Operations and Integration
• Requirements
• AMS
• Resources and Business Management
• Education and Outreach
• Human Systems Research Technology
• Human Health and Performance
• Life Support and Habitation
• Human Systems Integration

• Office of Exploration Systems
• Requirements Formulation
• Business Operations
• Development Programs
• Human and Robotic Technologies
• Advanced Space Technology
• Exploration Systems Research Technology
• Innovative Partnerships
• Nuclear Technology and Demonstrations
• Prometheus Nuclear Systems Technology
• Exploration Mission Development
• Constellation Systems
• Crew Exploration Vehicle
• Space Transportation Systems
• Supporting In-Space and Surface Systems
• Transition Programs (X-37, Orbital Express, PAD,
  DART, etc.)
• Hubble Service Mission
• Advanced Development Demonstrations and Studies

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Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD)
SOMD
Associate Administrator (AA) for Exploration
Systems - Adm. Craig Steidle
Assistant AA Administration B. Watkins
Deputy AA Exploration Operations - Mike Foale
Assistant AA Communication, Outreach D. Ladwig
ISS Program Scientist - D. Thomas
Deputy AA Systems Integration - Doug Cooke
Deputy AA Research - Terri Lomax
Deputy AA Development Programs/PEO - Jim
Nehman
Education - M. Montrose
Acquisition Mission Support
Contracting
Requirements
Constellation Systems
Human Systems RT
Exploration Systems RT
AMS
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Exploration Systems Research Technology
(ESRT)Overview

• ESRT is a strategic, requirements-driven
  investment that enables future exploration
  systems and missions that are more affordable,
  reliable, effective and flexible.
• Investments range from
• Lower technology readiness level (TRL) RD
  projects for the mid- to far- term through the
  Advanced Space Technology Program, to
• Higher TRL projects for the near- to mid- term
  through the Technology Maturation Program, to
• Cross-cutting efforts to engage universities,
  small business and the entrepreneurial community
  through the Innovative Partnerships Program, and
• Novel approaches to engage private sector
  innovation and investment through the Centennial
  Challenges prizes program
• Projects support future ESMD system development
  spirals
• Delivering timely data to inform systems
  decisions based on RD
• High-leverage new technologies incorporated into
  future systems

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Prometheus Nuclear Systems Technology

• Prometheus Nuclear Systems Technology is a
  strategic systems technology development
  program that will enable revolutionized space
  exploration and science through nuclear electric
  power and propulsion capabilities.
• Key development and demonstration
• Technologies for nuclear fission power and
  electric propulsion
• Critical systems for potential future human
  missions, including surface power and transport
• Systems enabling unprecedented exploration of the
  Solar System, including locations that cannot be
  reached using chemical propulsion.
• Realizing important science objectives
• The Europa orbiter mission is the highest
  priority for a flagship mission in this decade
  (Academy decadal report)
• Search for evidence of global subsurface oceans
  on Jupiters three icy Galilean moons that may
  harbor organic material
• Unprecedented science data return through high
  power science instruments and advanced
  communications technology

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Human Systems Research Technology (HSRT)

• HSRT is a requirements-driven program focused on
  reducing long-duration mission cost and risk in
  the areas of Crew Health Performance and Life
  Support Habitation including Extra Vehicular
  Activities.

• Background
• Transformed Research Programs from
  Discipline-based (OBPR) to Requirements- and
  Product-based (HSRT) Portfolio
• Human Health and Performance (Radiation Health
  Protection, Human Health Countermeasures,
  Autonomous Medical Care, Exploration Biology)
• Life Support and Habitation (Advanced Life
  Support, EVA Technologies, Advanced Environment
  Monitoring Control)
• Human Systems Integration (Behavioral Health
  Performance, Space Human Factors Engineering,
  Human/Machine Interfaces, Mission Integration)
• Activities
• Conducting base review of all current programs
  technical content
• Enlisting external research community to support
  new programs
• Aligning Research Technology milestones to ISS
  utilization window

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International Cooperation Strategy Work to be
Done

• Key objectives developed
• Promote common objectives and cooperative/compleme
  ntary efforts for space exploration
• Utilize international capabilities to help close
  capability gaps and develop breakthrough
  technologies
• Issues to be worked
• Potential partners and levels of involvement
• How does NASA protect its programs critical path
• Return-on-Investment for participating partners
• Length of time to gain approval for a cooperation
  plan through all interested parties
• Actions in-work
• Establishing International Cooperation IPT with
  External Relations serving as co-lead to develop
  and implement a strategy for international
  participation
• International Workshop November 16-18, 2004
• Conducting study of program management
  implications of International Space Station (ISS)
  cooperation strategy.
• Evaluating current ISS group for potential
  partners/cooperation
• Developing a comprehensive set of lessons learned
  and recommended principles for international
  participation
• Continuing to work with the Joint Strike
  Fighter/Missile Defense Agency Program Offices to
  facilitate the transfer of international
  cooperation best practices, lessons learned and
  management principles

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Hubble Robotic Servicing Mission

• The Hubble Robotic Servicing Mission is a
  program focused on safely de-orbiting and
  extending the service life of the Hubble Space
  Telescope.
• Background
• Initiating contracts for robotic servicing
  mission
• De-orbit module for servicing 330M to Lockheed
  Martin awarded Sep. 26
• Robotics 145M sole source to MD Robotics
  (Canada) pending
• Established incremental funding strategy
• Retaining option for de-orbit only module, with
  contractor selection December 2004
• Issues in Work
• Funding and continuing resolution authority
• Activities
• System Requirements Review (SRR), Dec 2004
• Preliminary Design Review (PDR), March 2004
• Will downselect to Servicing Mission or De-orbit
  Only mission in August 2004, based on HRSM PDR
  results.

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Centennial Challenges

• Background
• A program of contests in which NASA will
  establish cash awards to stimulate innovation and
  competition in technical areas of interest to
  Civil Space and Aeronautics.
• Specifically,
• Encourage innovation in ways that standard
  federal procurement cannot
• Enrich NASA research by reaching new communities
• Help address technology pitfalls
• Promote returns that outweigh the investment
• Educate, inspire and motivate the public
• Innovation Sought
• Revolutionary advances in fundamental
  technologies
• Breakthrough robotic capabilities
• Very low cost space missions
• Announcements released for
• Prize formulation workshop involving external
  community (15 -16 June)
• Informational website announced and active
  (www.centennialchallenges.nasa.gov)
• Issues in Work
• Resolving residual legal/legislative questions
• Activities
• Finalizing/implementing initial Prize
  opportunities

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Technology Infusion / Gap Process
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• Exploration Systems Mission Directorate

Were not where we want to be, Were not where
were going to be, BUT were certainly not where
we were yesterday.