Commercially harvested forest mushrooms of British Columbia

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Commercially harvested forest mushrooms of
British Columbia
Shannon BerchResearch BranchBC Ministry of
Forests and RangeVictoria, BC, Canada
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With thanks to Tyson Ehlers Marty
Kranabetter Richard Winder Bill Chapman Scott
Redhead Liis Jeffries
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Outline Commercially harvested mushrooms of
BC Potential commercial mushrooms Compatible
management of mushrooms and fibre Conclusions
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Outline Commercially harvested mushrooms of
BC Potential commercial mushrooms Compatible
management of mushrooms and fibre Conclusions
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Major edible and commercial wild mushrooms in B.C.
Cantharellus formosus
Tricholoma magnivelare
Morchella species
Boletus edulis
Hypomyces lactifluorum
Hydnum repandum
There are about 40 commercial species in BC The
big three Pines, Chanterelles, Morels
Sparassis crispa
Cantharellus subalbidus
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Outline Commercially harvested mushrooms of
BC Potential commercial mushrooms Compatible
management of mushrooms and fibre Conclusions
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Fungal species in BC with commercial potential
and challenges some examples Cordyceps
ophioglossoides locally abundant, medicinal
qualities less well known Ganoderma
applanatum locally abundant, medicinal qualities
less well known Ramaria species locally
abundant, taxonomy poorly understood Tuber
species relatively high prices, distribution
not known
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The grassland edible mushroom Lepista praemagna
in British Columbia

• Shannon Berch, Bill Chapman, Tyson Ehlers, Liis
  Jeffries, and Scott Redhead

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Thompson First Nations people of southern
interior British Columbia Turner, NJ, HV
Kuhnlein, KN Egger. 1987. The cottonwood mushroom
(Tricholoma populinum) A food resource of the
interior Salish peoples of British Columbia. Can
J Bot 65921927. Turner, NJ. 1997. Food plants
of interior First Peoples. Royal B.C. Museum
Handbook. University of British Columbia Press,
Vancouver, B.C. Turner, NJ, LC Thompson, T
Thompson, AZ York. 1990. Thompson ethnobotany
Knowledge and usage of plants by the Thompson
Indians of British Columbia. Royal B.C. Museum,
Victoria, B.C. Memoir No. 3.
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chanterelles shaggy manes oyster mushrooms pine
mushroom poplar mushroom puffballs and a
mushroom called thunderstorm head or
lightning mushroom
?
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• First Nations Traditional Use
• Thompson (Nlaka'pamux) Nation and other
  Interior Salish peoples
• Nicola Valley Institute of Technology
• Personal communications
• late Grandchief Gordon Antoine, Coldwater Indian
  Band
• late Elder Mary Coutlee, Lower Nicola Indian Band
• Uses
• mushrooms are mainly eaten as a side dish or as
  an ingredient in stews
• dried in years of plentiful harvest
• thinly sliced and dried on strings to be used
  out of season
• Field work
• Neil Shackelly of the Nooaitch Indian Band

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Lepista praemagna
Calocybe gambosa Tricholoma mongolicum
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Arcs up to 50 m diam
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Kamloops
Vancouver
Victoria
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Doc English Fairy Ring Study
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Outline Commercially harvested mushrooms of
BC Potential commercial mushrooms Compatible
management of mushrooms and fibre Conclusions
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Pacific Golden Chanterelle (Cantharellus
formosus) Research on Northern Vancouver Island
North Vancouver Island Integrated NTFP
Demonstration Project 1999-2003 Forest Investment
Account, Forest Science Program 2006-2008 Tyson
Ehlers1, Shannon Berch2 and Richard Winder3
1Tysig Ecological Research, Winlaw, BC 2BCMOFR
Research Branch, Victoria, BC 3Canadian Forest
Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC
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Habitat Modelling and Inventory
Compatible Management Objectives- map
productive habitat, determine productivity
Characterize habitat at various scales -
ecosystem classification, forest cover, site
association
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Productive Chanterelle Habitat

• Stand Characteristics
• 40 - 100 year Douglas-fir, western hemlock
• Thinned or spaced at young age
• 70 - 80 canopy closure
• Vegetation
• Sparse understory
• Patchy swordfern, salal, deer fern
• Well-developed moss layer
• Hylocomium splendens
• Kindbergia oregana
• Soils
• Well-drained, coarse-textured,
• Mesic submesic
• Medium to rich sites

• Ecosystem Classification (Biogeoclimatic
  Ecosystem Classification BEC)
• Subzone CWHvm1, CWHxm, CWHmm1
• Site series 01, 04, 05

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Habitat Mapping used BEC and Forest Cover to
map distribution of productivity classes (High,
Moderate, Low and Nil)
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Marking mushroom reserves to be retained after
logging.
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Productivity Plots
Average annual productivity measured over 4 years
across 3 sites, 5 (20m x 100m) plots per site,
totalling 1 ha.
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Average annual productivity 6 kg/ha (2 15
kg/ha) Moisture content 92 (80 95)
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Compatible Management of Timber and Pine Mushrooms
Shannon M. Berch1 and J. Marty Kranabetter2
Compatible Management of Timber and Pine
Mushrooms Guidebook for forest managers and land
owners Shannon Berch and Marty Kranabetter BC
Ministry of Forests and Range
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Productive pine mushroom areas of BC
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Step 1 Map high value pine mushroom
habitat Gather information Do ground
surveys Describe habitat characteristics
Example of submesic forests identified from an
aerial photograph through crown characteristics
and surface topography (provided by Rick
Trowbridge, Boreal Research, Smithers).
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Step 2 Determine areas of overlap with timber
harvest Step 3 Develop and implement a
compatible management plan Compatible
management at the stand level - to retain pine
mushroom fruiting while removing some timber
leave patches - to retain some pine
mushroom fruiting while removing more timber
Removal of non-host tree species Strip
harvesting Retention of single or small
patches of host green trees Compatible
management at the landscape level - fire -
harvest rotation timing - mountain pine
beetle Step 4 Monitor the results of the
harvesting activity
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Outline Commercially harvested mushrooms of
BC Potential commercial mushrooms Compatible
management of mushrooms and fibre Conclusions
- lots of potential - tenure, FN rights,
access are issues - marketing, research
needed - compatible management possible