Church Reform and the Crusades

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Chapter 14

• Section 1
• Church Reform and the Crusades

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The Crusades

• In 1093, Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus sent
  an appeal to Robert the Count of Flanders and to
  the Pope Urban II for help against invading
  Muslim Turks.
• The Turks invasion of the Byzantine Empire
  threatened the Christian Holy Land.

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The Crusades

• Pope Urban II issued a call for a Holy War or
  Crusade, to regain control of the Christian Holy
  Land.
• Christian Nations from across Europe would unite
  forces to re-conquer the holy land from the
  Muslims.
• Pope Urban II assured all those who fought and
  died were assured a place in heaven.
• .

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Causes of the Crusading Spirit

• From the Great Lords to the humble peasants, all
  types joined in the Crusades.
• Between 50,000-60,000 Knights joined the
  Crusades.
• Kings saw this a way to get rid of bad Knights.
• Younger sons who were not going to inherit the
  families property were sent to fight

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1st Crusades

• Crusaders knew nothing of the geography, climate,
  or culture of the Holy Land. They had no
  strategy.
• The noble leaders argued among them selves, had
  no adequate supply line.
• The 1st Crusade in 1097 had 12,000 Crusaders
  capture Jerusalem only to lose it back to the
  Turks in 1144.

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1st and 2nd Crusades cont

• The 2nd Crusade planned to take the city of
  Jerusalem but failed mainly due to the great
  Muslim leader Saladin.
• Saladin was the most famous Muslim leader of
  1100s. He was a devoted leader whos enemies
  regarded him as honest and brave.

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The 3rd Crusade

• The 3rd Crusade was lead by 3 powerful Monarchs.
  French King Phillip Augustus, German Emperor
  Fredrick I (Barbarossa) and the English King
  Richard the Lion Hearted.
• Fredrick I drowned on the journey. Phillip
  Augustus argued with Richard and went home.
  Leaving Richard to regain the Holy Land alone.

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The 3rd Crusade cont

• Richard was noted as the Lion Hearted because
  of his courage, grace and ruthlessness.
• Richard and Saladin had many battles until the
  two agreed to a truce in 1192.
• Both agreed to keep Jerusalem under Muslim
  control but all unarmed Christians could visit
  all holy sites.

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4th Crusade

• The 4th Crusade was formed after Pope Innocent
  the III appealed for a recapture of Jerusalem.
• The Knights who joined, began looting
  Constantinople in 1204. These actions ended the
  campaign.

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Later Crusades

• Several crusades were launched but to Africa not
  the Holy Land.
• The Children's Crusade of 1212 occurred when
  1000s of children set out for the holy land.
  Many died from the cold, starved, turned back,
  drowned at sea or were sold to slavery.