Art of Sixteenth Century Europe

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Art of Sixteenth Century Europe
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The Art of Venice

• Venice influenced by the Byzantine era.
• Mosaics
• Decorated churches.

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Titian

• 1490-1576
• Died of the plague.
• The Entombment fig. 18.3
• Landscape to set the mood (influence from
  Giorgione).
• Lighting, color and sturdy figures makes highly
  emotional scene.

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Titian

• Important people wanted their portraits painted
  by Titian.
• Philip II, figure. 18.5
• He lived well, because of his wealthy patrons.
• Pope Paul III, Lucrezia Borgia, the Duchess of
  Farrara.

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Titian

• Doge Andrea Gritti figure 18.4
• Greatest fame as portrait painter.
• Overwhelms the frame as if he is about to burst
  out.
• Defiant face.
• Painterly a technique, which involves creating
  forms with patches of color rather than with
  hard, precise edges.

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Mannerism

• Came out of a time of unrest and uncertainty.
• Artists were challenged to find new avenues of
  expression.
• Mannerism considered a deliberate revolt by
  artists against the goals of the Renaissance.

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Mannerism

• Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation,
  1517.
• The French invasion of Italy in 1524.
• French defeat of Rome in 1527.
• Tension
• Disorder

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Mannerism

• Preferred imbalance
• Restlessness
• Nervous art
• Impossible poses
• Unreal proportions
• Less natural

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Parmigianino

• 1503-1540
• Madonna With The Long Neck
• Is the setting interior or exterior?
• Madonna seated, yet towers over the other figures
  in the picture.
• Baby seems to be slipping yet no concern.

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El Greco

• 1541-1614 Spain
• Church emphasizing the spiritual
• The Martyrdom of St. Maurice and the Theban
  Legion.
• Blends three parts of the story into a single
  scene.
• The Burial of Count Orgaz fig. 18.9
• Looking Closely

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Mannerism

• El Greco intense emotionalism and strong sense
  of movement.
• Italy Baroque style
• Northern Europe conflicts between Late Gothic
  and Italian Renaissance styles.

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Northern Europe

• Trip to Italy became essential for a young
  artist.
• Grunewald and Durer
• Conflict of styles

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Matthias Grunewald

• 1480-1528
• The Small Crucifixion
• Like Medieval visual sermon
• Christs body color of a corpse.
• Cold, black sky dark curtain
• Emphasizing people in foreground, contrasting
  value and hue.

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Grunewald

• Edge of cloth garment repeats and emphasizes
  wounds.
• Color, design, brush work expression of pain.

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Albrecht Durer

• 1471-1528
• Embrace the Renaissance
• Perspective, proportions, beauty, and balance.

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Durer

• Knight, Death and the Devil
• Horse and rider calmness and solid (Italian
  painting).
• Symbols like Northern Gothic paintings.
• Hideous horseman represents death
• Devil behind

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Hieronymus Bosch

• 1450-1516
• Flemish painter
• Death and the Miser
• Symbolism and story.
• Looks at cross and reaches for money
• Fingers rosary and adds to possesions.

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Pieter Bruegel

• 1525-1569
• Flemish
• Landscapes to Bosch influence
• The Parable of the Blind
• Parable a story that contains a symbolic
  message.
• Concern for detail Van Eyck

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Hans Holbein

• 1497-1543
• German
• Portrait painter
• King Henry VIII
• Anne of Cleves

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